R/38
30/10/2021
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
CHAPTER- 8, "ARTICLES"
INTRODUCTION
An article is a word that goes before a noun, giving some basic information about the noun, such as if it is singular or plural, or if the object is specific or general. In English there are three articles: a, an, and the. Articles are used before nouns or noun equivalents and are a type of adjective. The definite article (the) is used before a noun to indicate that the identity of the noun is known to the reader. The indefinite article (a, an) is used before a noun that is general or when its identity is not known. There are certain situations in which a noun takes no article.
EXPLAINED :-
1) Definition of Articles with examples
2) Kinds of articles with examples
3) Use of articles
MUST WATCH FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING:-
MAIN TEACHING :-
1) Definition of Articles with examples
2) Kinds of articles with examples
3) Use of articles
ASSIGNMENT :-
1) Define article and its kinds with examples.
2) Do Exs A - F of chapter 8, pages 50 - 54 in your text book.
R/37
28/10/2021, 29/10/2021
ENGLISH PROSE
CHAPTER 8, "THE LUMBER ROOM"
INTRODUCTION
Hector Hugh Munro was born on 18 December 1870. He was better known by the pen name Saki and also frequently as H. H. Munro, was a British writer. He had a distinct style of his own and many of the authors of short stories after his time tired to imitate his style. He was considered by English teachers and scholars as a master of the short story, and often compared to O. Henry and Dorothy Parker. His stories are full of wit and humour and his very sharp attacks are directed mainly towards the upper middle classes of his time. In his early career, Munro became a police officer in India and was posted to Burma where he contracted malaria before returning to England in 1895. When the war broke out, Munro refused a commission joined the British armed forces as a regular trooper where he was certain to see battle. He was killed in action by a German sniper. Munro died in France during World War I, on November 13, 1916, by German sniper fire during the Battle of Ancre.
SUMMARY:-
Nicholas, his younger brother, and their two cousins live with the cousins’ tyrannical aunt. Nicholas is “in disgrace” today because he refused to eat his bread-and-milk at breakfast. He told the aunt that there was a frog in his bowl of bread-and-milk, but she would not believe him. She eventually saw that there was indeed a frog in his bowl. She was not pleased, however, to find out that Nicholas had put it there himself.As punishment, the aunt decides to keep Nicholas home and send the other children to Jagborrough Cove to play on the sands. She thinks Nicholas will be sorry to miss the fun outing, but Nicholas does not mind staying home. He knows the children will not enjoy themselves because his girl-cousin scraped her knee on her way out and Bobby’s boots are too tight.After the children leave, the aunt tells Nicholas to stay out of the gooseberry garden as further punishment. Convinced that Nicholas will try to get into the garden just because he was told not to, she then positions herself in the front garden where she can watch the doors to the gooseberry garden. Nicholas makes a couple of attempts to sneak by his aunt just to confirm her suspicions. He then slips back into the house and steals the key to the lumber room. He has long wished to see what is inside the mysterious lumber room which is always kept locked.Inside the lumber room, Nicholas is delighted to find all sorts of fantastic treasures. His aunt keeps her home undecorated, and she stores away all the nice things so as not to spoil them. Nicholas is fascinated by a framed tapestry depicting a hunter with a stag he has shot with an arrow. He wonders if the huntsman sees the wolves coming towards him and whether the man and his dogs will be able to cope with them. He then goes on to examine other interesting objects in the room; decorative candlesticks, a duck-shaped teapot, a box full of brass figures, and a captivating book full of colorful illustrations of exotic birds.After some time, the aunt becomes suspicious of Nicholas’ long absence and starts searching for him. Nicholas hears her calling for him in the gooseberry garden pretending to see him hiding there. He then hears her shriek and cry out for help. He goes out of the lumber room, locks the door, and returns the key. He then saunters over to the front garden to answer the call. From the other side of the wall, the aunt tells Nicholas that she has fallen into the empty rain-water tank and cannot get out. She then tells him to bring a ladder to her. Nicholas reminds her that he is not allowed to enter the gooseberry garden. The aunt countermands the order, but Nicholas pretends he does not believe it is his aunt speaking to him. He says he thinks the Evil One is trying to tempt him to disobey his aunt. When she agrees to have strawberry jam for tea if he will bring the ladder, Nicholas declares it cannot be his aunt speaking because she told him previously that there was no jam left. Having sufficiently enjoyed himself, Nicholas walks away. The aunt is later found and rescued by the kitchen maid.In the evening, the tea is taken in silence. The children are unhappy after a miserable outing. The tide was high so there was no sand to play on, and Bobby was in a terrible temper because of his tight boots. The aunt maintains a “frozen muteness.” Nicholas is also silent, absorbed in his thoughts. He thinks that the huntsman may escape while the wolves are feasting on the stag.
EXPLAINED:-
1) Introduction about the writer
2) Summary of the story
3) Reads and explains the chapter
4) Word meanings
5) Explains how to answer the questions
STUDENTS MUST WATCH FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING :-
MAIN TEACHING :-
Oral and explanation online with some written work
1) Summary of the story
2) Explains the story
3) Word meanings
4) Explains how to answer the questions
ASSIGNMENTS :-
1) Learn the meaning of Chapter - 8 "The Lumber Room".
2) Do Exs 1, and 2 of chapter - 8, pages 110 - 111 in your Ex book.
R/36
27/10/2021
ENGLISH COMPOSITION
CHAPTER - 22, 'RELATIVE PRONOUN AND CLAUSE'
TOPIC INTRODUCTION
EXPLAINED :-
1) Definition of relative pronouns and relative clause
2) Kinds of relative clause
3) Definition of different kinds of relative clauses with examples
MUST WATCH FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING:-
MAIN TEACHING :-
1) Definition of pronoun and clause
2) Definition of relative pronouns and relative clauses
3) Kinds of relative clauses
4) Definition of different kinds of relative clauses with examples
5) Differences between defining and non defining relative clauses
ASSIGNMENT :-
1) Define relative pronoun and relative clause with examples.
2) Do Exs A - G of chapter 22, pages 125 - 129.
R/35
18/10/2021
ENGLISH COMPOSITION
CHAPTER-34, LETTER WRITING
REVISION
INTRODUCTION
A letter is a written message conveyed from one person to another person through a medium. Letters can be formal and informal. Besides a means of communication and a store of information, letter writing has played a role in the reproduction of writing as an art throughout history. So, letter writing by itself is an art. It Is also a social and business asset. The ability to write a good and perfect letter can be as useful as the ability to talk well and the ability to maintain excellent inter-personal relationships. In business, effective communication through letters saves much time, trouble and inconvenience. It promotes understanding as well as business. The letter one sends on behalf of a company , or an institution or an organization is a representative of the organization.
Letter writing can be classified into two types:
1. Informal Letters
2. Formal Letters
1. Informal Letter
Informal letters are also known as personal letters. Such types of letters are usually written to relatives, family, friends, or acquaintances. These letters may or may not have a concrete reason for writing. The aim of writing informal letters is to create a personal memoir. It need not adhere to any formalities or follow any set pattern.
2. Formal Letters
The letters that follow a certain formality and set pattern are formal letters. Such letters are precise, directly addressing the concerned issue and are kept strictly professional in nature. Formal letters are short and to the point. A variety of letters that fall within the category of formal letters are –business letters,official letters,social letters,circular letters,employment letters etc.
The letters that follow a certain formality and set pattern are formal letters. Such letters are precise, directly addressing the concerned issue and are kept strictly professional in nature. Formal letters are short and to the point. A variety of letters that fall within the category of formal letters are –business letters,official letters,social letters,circular letters,employment letters etc.
EXPLAINED :-
1) Introduction ( Letter Writing)
2) Kinds of letter
3) Writing a formal letter
4) Writing an informal letter
MUST WATCH FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING:-
MAIN TEACHING :-
1) Introduction ( Letter Writing)
2) Kinds of letter
3) Writing a formal letter
4) Writing an informal letter
1. Learn the points which are to be followed while writing Formal and Informal letters.
2. Revise Chapter 34, Letter Writing.
R/34
09/10/2021
ENGLISH POETRY
POEM -6, "LONDON'S SUMMER MORNING"
INTRODUCTION
Poet :- Mary Robinson
Mary Robinson was born on 27 November 1757 in Bristol, England. She was an English actress, poet, dramatist, novelist, and celebrity figure.
Mary Robinson was born on 27 November 1757 in Bristol, England. She was an English actress, poet, dramatist, novelist, and celebrity figure.
She lived in England, in the cities of Bristol and London; she also lived for a time in France and Germany. She enjoyed poetry from the age of seven and started working, first as a teacher and then as actress, from the age of fourteen. She wrote many plays, poems and novels. She was a celebrity, gossiped about in newspapers, famous for her acting and writing . During her lifetime she was known as "the English Sappho".She earned her nickname "Perdita" for her role as Perdita (heroine of Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale) in 1779. She was the first public mistress of King George IV while he was still Prince of Wales.
"London's Summer Morning" Summary
In “London’s Summer Morning,” Mary Robinson contradicts the positive and negative connotations of the beauty and chaos in the typical London morning. Robinson describes the chaotic environment of the mornings in London. She introduces the poem with negative words such as, “sooty, dingy, hot, and noisy” to present a chaotic setting and give the reader a sense of the mood of the poem. However, Robinson changes her word choice to a positive mood with words such as, “cools, splendor, glittering, and gay” to present the positive aspects of the streets of London. Despite Robinson’s choice to start and end the poem with negative connotations , she has an underlying argument that explains the beautiful consumerism that takes place in the chaotic nature of the mornings in London. Robinson changes the tone of the poem by changing her word choice.
In “London’s Summer Morning,” Mary Robinson contradicts the positive and negative connotations of the beauty and chaos in the typical London morning. Robinson describes the chaotic environment of the mornings in London. She introduces the poem with negative words such as, “sooty, dingy, hot, and noisy” to present a chaotic setting and give the reader a sense of the mood of the poem. However, Robinson changes her word choice to a positive mood with words such as, “cools, splendor, glittering, and gay” to present the positive aspects of the streets of London. Despite Robinson’s choice to start and end the poem with negative connotations , she has an underlying argument that explains the beautiful consumerism that takes place in the chaotic nature of the mornings in London. Robinson changes the tone of the poem by changing her word choice.
The structure of this poem is also broken up into two types of imagery, auditory and visual imagery. The auditory imagery occurs in the beginning and ending sections of the poem while the body of the poem consists of visual imagery portraying the shops and merchandise on the streets of London. Another interesting focal point in the poem is the repetition of words throughout the poem. Robinson does not repeat words often, which makes them seem more significant when noticed.
Explained :-
1) Introduction of the poet and the poem
2) Recitation of the poem " London's Summer Morning"
3) Explanation of the poem
Must watch for better understanding :-
Main teaching :-
Oral and online explanation
1) Introduction of the poet and the poem
2) Recitation of the poem
3) Explanation of the poem
4) Words meanings
ASSIGNMENT :-
1) Learn the first twelve lines of the poem "London's Summer Morning", pages 76-77.
2) Learn words to know of poem, pages 77-78.
3) Do Exs 1 and 6 of the Poem " London's Summer Morning" pages 78 -79 in Exbook.
R/33
06/10/2021, 07/10/2021 , 08/10/2021
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
CHAPTER - 7, SUBJECT - VERB AGREEMENT
TOPIC INTRODUCTION
EXPLAINED :-
1) Definition of subject and verb
2) Explanation of subject - verb agreement
3) Definition of compound subject with examples
4) The Principle of Proximity
5) Special cases of subject verb agreement
MUST WATCH FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING:-
MAIN TEACHING :-
1) Definition of subject and verb
2) Explanation of subject - verb agreement
3) Definition of compound subject with examples
5) Special cases of subject verb agreement ( 1 )
( 2 )
( 3 )
( 4 )
( 5 )
Assignment :-1) Learn the definition of compound subject.
2) Do Exs A - G of chapter- 7, pages 44 -49 in your EXbook.
R/32
04/10/2021, 05/10/2021
ENGLISH PROSE
CHAPTER-7, "THE STORY OF KEESH"
INTRODUCTION
AUTHOR - JACK LONDON
John Griffith London was born on 12th January 1876 and died on 22nd November 1916. He was an American novelist, journalist, and social activist. A pioneer of commercial fiction and American magazines, he was one of the first American authors to become an international celebrity and earn a large fortune from writing. He was also an innovator in the genre that would later become known as science fiction.His most famous works include The Call of the Wild and White Fang, both set in the Klondike Gold Rush, as well as the short stories "To Build a Fire", "An Odyssey of the North", and "Love of Life". He also wrote about the South Pacific in stories such as "The Pearls of Parlay", and "The Heathen". London was part of the radical literary group "The Crowd" in San Francisco and a passionate advocate of unionization, workers' rights, socialism, and eugenics. He wrote several works dealing with these topics, such as his dystopian novel The Iron Heel, his non-fiction exposé The People of the Abyss, War of the Classes, and Before Adam.
SUMMARY
Keesh is the son of a well known and respected huntsman in his tribe, who died when Keesh was young. The exploits of his father was long forgotten after that. As Keesh turned 13,brimming with confidence and due to the rare amount of food gathered by the tribe, he addressed to the village elders and said that he will become a great hunter like his father. Everyone mocked him and allowed him to go off on his own. They did not expect to hear from him again. However, he returned after four days, carrying a huge amount of freshly killed meat.He said that the polar bear’s carcass laid a day’s travel from the village. Everyone was shocked of his success. However, after several hunts, everyone became skeptical of Keesh, saying that he studied witchcraft but they had no choice but to be loyal.The villagers constructed an igloo bigger than the chief’s for Keesh, which he appreciated. After several hunts, they decided to have two scouts observe Keesh.Several days later, they returned with the carcass of a polar bear. The scouts told the tale the tribal council couldn’t believe. They gathered in Keesh’s igloo and accused him of witchcraft. Keesh, however, explained the reason he was able to kill the bear. Keesh ordered the scouts to enrage the bear and follow him. He then left small balls of food on the ice, which the bear ate. The bear then became ill and deranged, which enabled Keesh to spear the animal without harming himself.
EXPLAINED:-
1) Introduction about the writer
2) Summary of the story
3) Reads and explains the chapter
4) Word meanings
5) Explains how to answer the questions
Must watch for better understanding :-
MAIN TEACHING :-
Oral and explanation online with some written work
1) Summary of the story
2) Explains the story
3) Word meanings
4) Explains how to answer the questions
ASSIGNMENTS :-
1) Learn the meaning of Chapter - 7 "The Story of Keesh".
2) Do Exs 1 and 2 of chapter - 7, page 95 - 96 in your Ex book.
R/31
29/09/2021, 30/09/2021, 01/10/2021
ENGLISH COMPOSITION
CHAPTER 24, "ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE"
REVISION
Topic Introduction
EXPLAINED:-
1. Definition of voices.
2. Definition of Active and passive voice with examples
3. Subjective pronouns and objective pronouns
4. Conversion of pronouns in Active Voice and Passive Voice
5. Rules to change Active Voice to Passive Voice
6. Uses of active and passive voice in different tenses
Must watch for better understanding:-
Main teaching:-
Oral, online explanation, and some writing work
1. Definition of Voices and its kinds.
2. Definition of Active and passive voice with examples
3. Subjective pronouns and objective pronouns
4. Conversion of pronouns in Active Voice and Passive Voice
5. Rules to change Active Voice to Passive Voice
6. Uses of active and passive voice in different tenses
Present Tense
Simple Present tense
Present Continuous tense
Simple Past Tense
Simple Future Tense
Future Perfect Tense
Modals
FOR UNDERSTANDING
Active to Passive Voice
1) Active: Ram eats a mango
Passive: A mango is eaten by Ram.
2) Active: We respect him.
Passive: He is respected by us.
3) Active: He is helping his mother.
Passive : His mother is being helped by him.
4) Active : They are cutting the old trees.
Passive : The old trees are being cut.
The old trees are being cut by them.
5) Active : She has finished the work.
Passive : The work has been finished by her.
6) Active : They have published the result.
Passive : The result has been published.
The result has been published by them.
7) Active : They police arrested him.
Passive : He was arrested by the police.
8) Active : He wrote the letters.
Passive : The letters were written by him.
9) Active : She had informed us.
Passive : We had been informed by her.
10) Active : Reena had completed the work.
Passive : The work had been completed by Reena.
11) Active : She will teach you.
Passive : You will be taught by her.
12) Active : They will start the show in two months.
Passive : The show will be started in two months.
13) Active : We should help the poor.
Passive : The poor should be helped by us.
ASSIGNMENT :-
1) Learn the definition of Active Voice, Passive Voice and their kinds with an example of each.
2) Learn subjective pronouns and objective pronouns with examples.
3) Learn the rules to change Active Voice to Passive Voice.
4) Learn different kinds of tenses and the verb forms used in different tenses.
5) Revise Chapter 24, "Active and Passive Voice" and Exs A - H pages 133 - 137.
TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES )
Explained:-
1. Definition of sentences.
2. Kinds of sentences.
3. Definition of different kinds of sentences with examples.
4. Transformation of sentences
1. Definition of sentences.
2. Kinds of sentences.
3. Definition of different kinds of sentences with examples.
4. Transformation of sentences
Must watch for better understanding:-
Main Teaching:-
Oral, online explanation,and some writing work.
1. Definition of sentence
Oral, online explanation,and some writing work.
1. Definition of sentence
2. Kinds of sentences
3. Definition of different kinds of sentences with examples
4. Transformation of sentences
Transforming Affirmative to Negative sentence
Transforming Exclamatory to Declarative sentence
Transforming Declarative to Interrogative sentence
ASSIGNMENT:
1. Learn the definition of a sentence and its kinds with examples.
2. Do Exs A - G of Chapter 18 pages 102 - 105.
1. Learn the definition of a sentence and its kinds with examples.
2. Do Exs A - G of Chapter 18 pages 102 - 105.
R/29
22/09/2021
ENGLISH COMPOSITION
CHAPTER 31, "PARAGRAPH AND DIARY WRITING"
REVISION
INTRODUCTION
Paragraphs & Topic SentencesA paragraph is a series of sentences that are organized and coherent, and are all related to a single topic. Almost every piece of writing you do that is longer than a few sentences should be organized into paragraphs. This is because paragraphs show a reader where the subdivisions of an essay begin and end, and thus help the reader see the organization of the essay and grasp its main points. Paragraphs can contain many different kinds of information. A paragraph could contain a series of brief examples or a single long illustration of a general point. It might describe a place, character, or process; narrate a series of events; compare or contrast two or more things; classify items into categories; or describe causes and effects. Regardless of the kind of information they contain, all paragraphs share certain characteristics. One of the most important of these is a topic sentence. A well-organized paragraph supports or develops a single controlling idea, which is expressed in a sentence called the topic sentence.
EXPLAINED :-
1) Explanation of Paragraph Writing
2) Parts of Paragraph Writing with examples
MUST WATCH FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING:-
1) Explanation of Paragraph Writing
2) Parts of Paragraph Writing with examples
FOR MEMORIZING
1. What is a paragraph?
Ans :- A series of sentences that talk about a specific subject.
2. What is a topic sentence?
Ans :- The sentence that expresses the main point, or idea, of a paragraph.
3. What is a commentary sentence?
Ans :- Sentence(s) that provide the writer’s analysis, or elaboration, on the supporting detail sentence.
4. What is a supporting detail sentence?
Ans :- Reasons, examples, and other details that support the main point of the paragraph.
ASSIGNMENTS :-
1) Revise Exs A - C of Ch. 31 " Paragraph and Diary Writing " page 166.
R/28
21/09/2021
ENGLISH COMPOSITION
CHAPTER 24, "ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE"
REVISION
Topic Introduction
EXPLAINED:-
1. Difinition of voices.
2. Definition of Active and passive voice with examples
3. Conversion of pronouns
4. Rules to change Active Voice to Passive Voice
5. Uses of active and passive voice in different tenses
Must watch for better understanding:-
Main teaching:-
Oral, online explanation, and some writing work
1. Definition of Voices and its kinds.
2. Definition of Active and passive voice with examples
3. Conversion of pronouns
4. Rules to change Active Voice to Passive Voice
5. Uses of active and passive voice in different tenses
Present Tense
Simple Present tense
Present Continuous tense
Simple Past Tense
Simple Future Tense
Future Perfect Tense
FOR UNDERSTANDING
Active to Passive Voice
1) Active: Ram eats a mango
Passive: A mango is eaten by Ram.
2) Active: We respect him.
Passive: He is respected by us.
3) Active: He is helping his mother.
Passive : His mother is being helped by him.
4) Active : They are cutting the old trees.
Passive : The old trees are being cut.
The old trees are being cut by them.
5) Active : She has finished the work.
Passive : The work has been finished by her.
6) Active : They have published the result.
Passive : The result has been published.
The result has been published by them.
7) Active : They police arrested him.
Passive : He was arrested by the police.
8) Active : He wrote the letters.
Passive : The letters were written by him.
9) Active : She had informed us.
Passive : We had been informed by her.
10) Active : Reena had completed the work.
Passive : The work had been completed by Reena.
11) Active : She will teach you.
Passive : You will be taught by her.
12) Active : They will start the show in two months.
Passive : The show will be started in two months.
13) Active : We should help the poor.
Passive : The poor should be helped by us.
ASSIGNMENT :-
1) Learn definitions of voises and its kinds with an example of each.
2) Revise Chapter 24, "Active and Passive Voice" and Exs A - G pages 133 - 137 .
R/27
20/09/2021
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
( REVISION )
CHAPTER- 6, " VERBS:- FINITE AND NON FINITE" (GERUND AND PARTICIPLES)
INTRODUCTION
EXPLAINED :-
1) Definition of Verb
2) Kinds of Non-finite
3) Definition of kinds of Non- finite verb with examples
4) Difference between gerund and participles
MUST WATCH FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING:-
Video 01 ( Finite and Non Finite Verbs )
MAIN TEACHING :-
1) Definition of Verb
2) Kinds of Non-finite
3) Definition of kinds of Non- finite verb with examples :-
4) Difference between gerund and participles
What is the difference between a gerund and a present participle?
Both a gerund and a present participle come from a verb, and both end in –ing. However, each has a different function. A gerund acts like a noun while a present participle acts like a verb or adjective.
Example - Snowboarding is fun!
When snowboarding is a gerund, it acts like a noun. It can be a subject, an object, the object of a preposition, or a subject complement.
- One popular sport is snowboarding.
When snowboarding is a present participle, it is part of a continuous verb tense.
Assignment :-
1. Revise chapter 6 and Exs A - I, pages 39-43.
R/26
15/09/2021
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
( REVISION )
CHAPTER- 6, "VERBS:-FINITE AND NON FINITE"
INTRODUCTION
EXPLAINED :-
1) Definition of Verb
2) Kinds of Verb
3) Kinds of Non-finite
4) Definition of kinds of Non- finite verb with examples
5) Kinds of participle and definition with examples
MUST WATCH FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING:-
Video 01 ( Finite and Non Finite Verbs )
MAIN TEACHING :-
1) Definition of Verb
2) Kinds of Verb and their definition with examples :-
3) Kinds of Non-finite
4) Definition of kinds of Non- finite verb with examples :-
5) Kinds of Participle and definition with examples
Assignment :-
1. Learn the definition of finite and non finite verb.
2. Learn the kinds of non finite verb and their definition with examples.
3. Do Exs A - I of chapter 6, pages 39-43 in OCB book.
R/25
13/09/2021
ENGLISH COMPOSITION
CHAPTER 31, "PARAGRAPH AND DIARY WRITING"
INTRODUCTION
Paragraphs & Topic SentencesA paragraph is a series of sentences that are organized and coherent, and are all related to a single topic. Almost every piece of writing you do that is longer than a few sentences should be organized into paragraphs. This is because paragraphs show a reader where the subdivisions of an essay begin and end, and thus help the reader see the organization of the essay and grasp its main points. Paragraphs can contain many different kinds of information. A paragraph could contain a series of brief examples or a single long illustration of a general point. It might describe a place, character, or process; narrate a series of events; compare or contrast two or more things; classify items into categories; or describe causes and effects. Regardless of the kind of information they contain, all paragraphs share certain characteristics. One of the most important of these is a topic sentence. A well-organized paragraph supports or develops a single controlling idea, which is expressed in a sentence called the topic sentence.
EXPLAINED :-
1) Explanation of Paragraph Writing
2) Parts of Paragraph Writing with examples
MUST WATCH FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING:-
1) Explanation of Paragraph Writing
2) Parts of Paragraph Writing with examples
FOR MEMORIZING
1. What is a paragraph?
Ans :- A series of sentences that talk about a specific subject.
2. What is a topic sentence?
Ans :- The sentence that expresses the main point, or idea, of a paragraph.
3. What is a commentary sentence?
Ans :- Sentence(s) that provide the writer’s analysis, or elaboration, on the supporting detail sentence.
4. What is a supporting detail sentence?
Ans :- Reasons, examples, and other details that support the main point of the paragraph.
ASSIGNMENTS :-
1) Do Exs A - C of Ch. 31 " Paragraph and Diary Writing " page 166.
PARAGRAPH WRITING
R/24
08/09/2021
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
CHAPTER- 6, "VERBS:-FINITE AND NON FINITE"
INTRODUCTION
EXPLAINED :-
1) Definition of Verb
2) Kinds of Verb
3) Kinds of Non-finite
4) Definition of kinds of Non- finite verb with examples
5) Kinds of participle and definition with examples
MUST WATCH FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING:-
Video 01 ( Finite and Non Finite Verbs )
MAIN TEACHING :-
1) Definition of Verb
2) Kinds of Verb and their definition with examples :-
3) Kinds of Non-finite
4) Definition of kinds of Non- finite verb with examples :-
5) Kinds of Participle and definition with examples
Assignment :-
1. Learn the definition of finite and non finite verb.
2. Learn the kinds of non finite verb and their definition with examples.
3. Do Exs A - I of chapter 6, pages 39-43 in OCB book.
R/23
06/09/2021
ENGLISH PROSE
CHAPTER- 6 " THE MACHINE STOPS "
INTRODUCTION
| Edward Morgan Forster was born on 1st January 1879 in London, who is one of England's most important writers of the 20th century . E. M. Forster  SUMMARY:- The Machine Stops E.M. Foster is an enticing short story that portrays a possible dystopian future. In the story the characters live in a world that is ruled by “the machine” and have been living underground due to the unsuitable conditions at the Earth’s surface. Over many years the people below the surface began to change and worship the machine. With all thoughts on the machine new ideas and thoughts are shunned and so is human interaction. The story follows Vashti and her son Kuno as they struggle to keep their relationship and live underground in a corrupt world controlled by a machine. E.M. Foster’s The Machine Stops argues that a world controlled by technology will eventually turn catastrophic for the human race.The machine in theory is an excellent idea and had saved the human race but the further when we read the story we will realize that there are many things wrong with the new underground society. The main issue we can find here in this story is isolation and little to no human contact. “The clumsy system of public gatherings had been long since abandoned; neither Vashti nor her audience stirred from their rooms.” The people who lived in the machine no longer communicated face to face but from monitor to monitor. Even Vashti and most of the people inside the machine were frightened and even refused to speak bad about it in fear of their own lives.      EXPLAINED:- 1) Introduction about the writer 2) Summary of the story 3) Reads and explains the chapter 4) Word meanings 5) Explains how to answer the questions STUDENTS MUST WATCH FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING :- MAIN TEACHING :- Oral and explanation online with some written work 1) Summary of the story 2) Explains the story 3) Word meanings 4) Explains how to answer the questions ASSIGNMENTS :- 1) Learn the meaning of Chapter - 6 "The Machine Stops". 2) Do Exs 1 and 2 of chapter - 6, pages 86 - 87 in your Ex book.   R/22 01/09/2021, 03/09/2021 ENGLISH PROSE |
INTRODUCTION :-
AUTHOR -
Novelist, short-story writer and children's author Anita Desai was born in 1937 in Mussoorie, India. She was educated at Delhi University.Her novels include Fire on the Mountain (1977), which won the Winifred Holtby Memorial Prize, and Clear Light of Day (1980), In Custody (1984) and Fasting, Feasting (1999), each of which was shortlisted for the Booker Prize. Her children's book The Village by the Sea (1982), won the Guardian Children's Fiction Award. She was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature, the American Academy of Arts and Letters, Girton College, Cambridge and Clare Hall, Cambridge. Anita Desai lives in the United States, where she is the John E. Burchard Professor of Writing at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA. Her most recent book is The Artist of Disappearance (2011), a trio of linked novellas about the art world, each featuring a different kind of disappearance. Anita Desai is a Fellow of many prominent literary organizations such as The Royal Society of Literature, London and the American Academy of Arts and Letters.
Summary :-
Anita Desai’s The Village By The Sea is an ispirational story for young children. In a small village named Thul, there lives a poor family of six people. Lila and Hari are the eldest children in the family, and are also the main characters. Other members are their two younger sisters, a mother and a father. The family condition is terrible as the father doesn’t earn but is a drunkard. Mother is severely sick, can’t do anything and needs constant care. Lila, who is just thirteen years old, has to take charge of the entire household. She is shown to be mature in a very small age.
Poverty forces 12-year old Hari to go to city (Mumbai) and find work, and soon he finds a small job there in a restaurant owned by someone called Jagu. Hari also befriends a nice person Mr. Panwallah there, and learns watch-making skills. The family back in the village gets some support from De Silvas, who are very rich. The treatment of the mother also starts. Hari comes back, and meets everyone and is delighted by the positive changes. With whatever Hari has earned and saved up till now, the family plans to start a family business which in turn will also help in Hari setting up his watch shop in the future. In this way, Hari and Lila do a remarkable job of easing up their hard life.
THE SRI KRISHNA EATING HOUSE
EXPLAINED:-
1) Introduction about the writer
2) Summary of the story
3) Read and explain the chapter
4) Word meanings
5) How to answer the questions
STUDENTS MUST WATCH FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING :-
MAIN TEACHING :-
Oral and explanation online with some written work
1) Summary of the story
2) Explain the story
3) Word meanings
4) Explain how to answer the questions
ASSIGNMENTS :-
1) Learn the meaning of Chapter - 5 "The Sri Krishna Eating House".
2) Do Exs 1, 2 and 3 of chapter - 5, pages 71 - 73 in your Ex book.
R/21
27/08/2021
ENGLISH COMPOSITION
CHAPTER- 34, "LETTER WRITING"
INTRODUCTION
A letter is a written message conveyed from one person to another person through a medium. Letters can be formal and informal. Besides a means of communication and a store of information, letter writing has played a role in the reproduction of writing as an art throughout history. So, letter writing by itself is an art. It Is also a social and business asset. The ability to write a good and perfect letter can be as useful as the ability to talk well and the ability to maintain excellent inter-personal relationships. In business, effective communication through letters saves much time, trouble and inconvenience. It promotes understanding as well as business. The letter one sends on behalf of a company , or an institution or an organization is a representative of the organization.Letter writing can be classified into two types:1. Informal Letters
2. Formal Letters
2. Formal Letters
1. Informal Letters
Informal letters are also known as personal letters. Such types of letters are usually written to relatives, family, friends, or acquaintances. These letters may or may not have a concrete reason for writing. The aim of writing informal letters is to create a personal memoir. It need not adhere to any formalities or follow any set pattern.
Informal letters are also known as personal letters. Such types of letters are usually written to relatives, family, friends, or acquaintances. These letters may or may not have a concrete reason for writing. The aim of writing informal letters is to create a personal memoir. It need not adhere to any formalities or follow any set pattern.
2. Formal Letters
The letters that follow a certain formality and set pattern are formal letters. Such letters are precise, directly addressing the concerned issue and are kept strictly professional in nature. Formal letters are short and to the point. A variety of letters that fall within the category of formal letters are –business letters,official letters,social letters,circular letters,employment letters etc.
The letters that follow a certain formality and set pattern are formal letters. Such letters are precise, directly addressing the concerned issue and are kept strictly professional in nature. Formal letters are short and to the point. A variety of letters that fall within the category of formal letters are –business letters,official letters,social letters,circular letters,employment letters etc.
EXPLAINED :-1) Introduction (Letter Writing)
2) Kinds of letters
3) Writing a formal letter
4) Writing an informal letter
MUST WATCH FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING:-
MAIN TEACHING :-
1) Introduction ( Letter Writing)
2) Kinds of letter
3) Writing a formal letter
4) Writing an informal letter
1. Learn the points which are to be followed while writing Formal and Informal letters.
2. Do Ex -A of Chapter 34 , Letters and Notes, page 182 in OCB book.
R/20
25/08/2021
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
CHAPTER - 5, VERBB : TENSES AND TIME
TOPIC INTRODUCTION
EXPLAINED :-
1) Definition of Tense
2) Kinds of Tense
3) Four parts of Present Tense, Past Tense and Future Tense
4) Definition of different kinds of Tenses with examples
MUST WATCH FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING:-
MAIN TEACHING :-
1) Definition of Tense
2) Kinds of Tense
3) Four parts of Present Tense, Past Tense and Future Tense
4) Definition of Present Tense and its four parts with examples
5) Definition of Past Tense and its four parts with example
6) Definition of Future Tense and its four kinds with example
ASSIGNMENT :-
1) Learn definitions of different kinds of Tenses with an example of each.
2) Do Exs A - E of chapter 5, "Verbs : Tenses and Time", pages 33 - 37 in OCB Ex book.
R/19
23/08/2021
ENGLISH POETRY
POEM - 5 " THE LISTENERS "
INTRODUCTION :-
POET - WALTER DE LA MARE
Walter De La Mare was born in the Kent county of England, on the 25th of April, 1873 in a poor family.
His father was a Frenchman by his origin, and the mother was a Scotswoman. In the childhood, he sang well and finished the St Paul’s Choir School of London. His parents were poor and the family was large, and since the age of sixteen, the boy had to earn his living.
After the completion of the church choir school, at the age of 16, the future poet began to work in the London office of the Anglo-American oil company. For as much as nineteen years, De La Mare worked in this office as a modest employee. For almost ten years he combined his literary activities with the basic work.
Only in the 1908, Walter De La Mare got a possibility to retire from service. By this time, he received a Civil List pension, and finally, the literature began to give him livelihood. Since that moment, Walter De La Mare began his life of a professional writer. His books – verses and prose – appeared regularly.
In the 1947, Walter De La Mare received the Andrew Carnegie Medal for works for children.
Walter De La Mare died in the 1956 at the height of fame. The poet was modest, but his contemporaries appreciated him highly. St Paul’s Cathedral became the last resting place of Walter De La Mare, where the child voices have sounded already for eight hundred years and where he had sung himself once.
Walter de la Mare published "The Listeners" in 1912, as the title poem of his second collection of poetry. It remains one of his most famous pieces of writing, and reflects the author's fascination with mystery and the supernatural. The poem tells the story of an unnamed Traveller approaching an abandoned house seemingly inhabited by ghosts, but leaves the reader's many questions as to who these entities actually are unanswered.
“The Listeners” Summary
An unnamed figure, the Traveller, knocks on the door of a house in the moonlight and asks if there is anyone inside. The Traveller's horse grazes in the quiet forest while the Traveller waits for a response. A bird flies out of a small tower on the house and over the Traveller's head. The Traveller knocks again, more forcefully, and repeats his question. No one comes down from the house to meet him, however. No one even leans out of the window, the sill of which is covered in leaves, to look at him. He stands in place, puzzled by the lack of an answer.Inside the house is a group of ghostly beings. These "listeners" stand in the moonlight as they listen to the human voice coming from outside. The ghostly beings crowd around the staircase, onto which moonlight streaks, as the quiet atmosphere in the empty house is disturbed by the sound of the Traveller's lonely voice.Outside, the Traveller senses a strange presence in the silence that meets his question. His horse, undisturbed, continues to graze in the dark forest, the sky above full of stars and obscured by trees. The Traveller suddenly beats on the door once again, even more loudly than before. He then calls out, asking whoever is listening to pass on a message: that no one answered him when he came to the house, but he kept his promise.The listeners don't make any motion in response to this. The Traveller's words reverberate through the dark, empty house, coming from the only living person around. The phantom listeners hear him jump up onto his horse, and then the sound of the horseshoes on the stone path as the Traveller rides away. The silence of the forest quickly returns as the sound of the horse's forceful riding fades away.
Explained :-1) Introduction of the poet and the poem
2) Recitation of the poem " The Listening"
3) Explanation of the poem
4) Word meanings
Must watch for better understanding :-
Main teaching :-
Oral and online explanation
1) Introduction of the poet and the poem
2) Recitation of the poem
3) Explanation of the poem
4) Word meanings
ASSIGNMENT :-
1) Learn the first twelve lines of the poem ' The Listening ' , page 61.
2) Learn words to know of poem, page 62.
3) Do Ex. 1 of poem "The Listeners" page 63 in your O.C.B. book.
R/18
11/8/2021
ENGLISH COMPOSITION
CHAPTER- 24, "ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE"
Topic Introduction
EXPLAINED:-
1. Difinition of voices.
2. Definition of Active and passive voice with examples
3. Conversion of pronouns
4. Rules to change Active Voice to Passive Voice
5. Uses of active and passive voice in different tenses
Must watch for better understanding:-
Main teaching:-
Oral, online explanation, and some writing work
1. Definition of Voices and its kinds.
2. Definition of Active and passive voice with examples
3. Conversion of pronouns
4. Rules to change Active Voice to Passive Voice
5. Uses of active and passive voice in different tenses
Present Tense
Simple Present tense
Present Continuous tense
Simple Past Tense
Simple Future Tense
Future Perfect Tense
FOR UNDERSTANDING
Active to Passive Voice
1) Active: Ram eats a mango
Passive: A mango is eaten by Ram.
2) Active: We respect him.
Passive: He is respected by us.
3) Active: He is helping his mother.
Passive : His mother is being helped by him.
4) Active : They are cutting the old trees.
Passive : The old trees are being cut.
The old trees are being cut by them.
5) Active : She has finished the work.
Passive : The work has been finished by her.
6) Active : They have published the result.
Passive : The result has been published.
The result has been published by them.
7) Active : They police arrested him.
Passive : He was arrested by the police.
8) Active : He wrote the letters.
Passive : The letters were written by him.
9) Active : She had informed us.
Passive : We had been informed by her.
10) Active : Reena had completed the work.
Passive : The work had been completed by Reena.
11) Active : She will teach you.
Passive : You will be taught by her.
12) Active : They will start the show in two months.
Passive : The show will be started in two months.
13) Active : We should help the poor.
Passive : The poor should be helped by us.
ASSIGNMENT :-
1) Learn definitions of voises and its kinds with an example of each.
2) Do Exs A - G of chapter 24, " Active and Passive Voice ", pages 133 - 137 in OCB Ex book.
R/17
06/8/2021
ENGLISH POETRY
POEM - 4, " THE NAMING OF CATS
INTRODUCTION :-
THOMAS STEARNS ELIOT
Thomas Stearns Eliot (26 September 1888 – 4 January 1965) was a poet, essayist, publisher, playwright, literary critic and editor. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, to a prominent Boston Brahmin family, he moved to England in 1914 at the age of 25 and went on to settle, work and marry there. He became a British subject in 1927 at the age of 39, subsequently renouncing his American citizenship. Eliot exercised a strong influence on Anglo-American culture from the 1920s until late in the century. His experiments in diction, style, and versification revitalized English poetry, and in a series of critical essays he shattered old orthodoxies and erected new ones. The publication of Four Quartets led to his recognition as the greatest living English poet and man of letters. From the 1920s onward, Eliot’s influence as a poet and as a critic—in both Great Britain and the United States—was immense, not least among those establishing the study of English literature as an autonomous
academic discipline. He was also known for his seven plays, particularly Murder in the Cathedral (1935) and The Cocktail Party (1949). He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948, "for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry".
Summary :- "The Naming of Cats," at its most basic level, talks about how cats have three different names. However, at a deeper level, the poem talks about identity and how people present themselves in different ways to the general public, to their family and friends, and to their most private self when they are alone.In the poem, the first name a cat possesses is an "everyday" name that any observer can use: First of all, there's the name that the family use daily,Such as Peter, Augustus, Alonzo or James,Such as Victor or Jonathan, George or Bill Bailey--
All of them sensible everyday names.While some of these everyday names might be "fancier ... some for the gentlemen, some for the dames," they are, nevertheless, "all of them sensible everyday names." This is the "self" we let everyone see - our most public self.However, the poem's speaker says one name is not enough. Cats also need a name that is ... particular. A name that's peculiar, and more dignified.This is a more individual name, a name that "never belong(s) to more than one cat." It recognizes the uniqueness that is that cat. However, even that name does not represent the cat at its deepest essence. That name is known only by the cat: The name that no human research can discover.
Explained :-
1) Introduction of poet and the poem
2) Recitation of poem "The Naming of Cats"
3) Explanation of poem
Must watch for better understanding :-
Main teaching :-
Oral and online explanation
1) Introduction of poet and the poem
2) Recitation of poem
3) Explanation of the poem
4) Word meanings
ASSIGNMENT :-
1) Learn the first twelve lines of the poem 'The Naming of cats', pages 48 - 49.
2) Learn words to know of poem, page 49.
3) Answer the following questions.
a) Why does the poet say that the reader may think he is crazy?
b) What is the first type of name that a cat should have?
c) What is the second type of name that a cat should have?
d) How many female names ( of the first type ) does the poet suggest?
e) Which fancier names does the poet suggest?
f) In what way will a cat be able to behave if he is given a name that is particular?
g) What is the third type of name that a cat must have? How is it different from the other two types?
h) When a cat is in 'profound meditation' what is it thinking about?
2) Answer the following with reference to context.
a) All of them sensible everyday names.
i) What are some of these names?
ii) When are these names used?
iii) Are there any other names by which a cat might be called? How are they different from these names?
b) But above and beyond there's still one name left over.....
i) Above and beyond what?
ii) What is the name left over?
iii) How does a cat show it is thinking about this name?
R/16
04/8/2021
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
CHAPTER - 4, VERBS: "TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS"
TOPIC INTRODUCTION
EXPLAINED:-
1. Definition of action verb
2. Kinds of action verbs
3. Definition of Transitive and Intransitive verbs with examples
MUST WATCH FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING :-
MAIN TEACHING :-
Oral and online explanation and some writing work.
1. Definition of action verb
2. Kinds of action verb
3. Definition of Transitive and Intransitive verbs with examples
A transitive verb takes an object. An intransitive verb does not have an object.
1. A class usually has 30 students.2. She always carries an umbrella.
3. I read an interesting story yesterday.
4. The dog barked loudly.
5. The child was sleeping soundly.
6. Brown bears eat insects and fruits.
7. Birds live in nests.
8. Panthers climb trees with their short and strong legs.
9. She sat on the chair.
10. They took the child to hospital.
11. Mother laid the table.
12. I want a job.
Answers
1. A class usually has 30 students. (has – intransitive)
2. She always carries an umbrella. (carries – verb; object – umbrella)
3. I read an interesting story yesterday. (read – transitive; object – story)
4. The dog barked loudly. (barked – intransitive)
5. The child was sleeping soundly. (was sleeping – intransitive)
6. Brown bears eat insects and fruits. (eat – transitive; object – insects and fruits)
7. Birds live in nests. (live – intransitive)
8. Panthers climb trees with their short and strong legs. (climb – transitive; object – trees)
9. She sat on the chair. (sat – intransitive)
10. They took the child to hospital. (took – transitive; object – the child)
11. Mother laid the table. (laid – transitive; object – the table)
12. I want a job. (want – transitive; object – a job)
1. A class usually has 30 students. (has – intransitive)
2. She always carries an umbrella. (carries – verb; object – umbrella)
3. I read an interesting story yesterday. (read – transitive; object – story)
4. The dog barked loudly. (barked – intransitive)
5. The child was sleeping soundly. (was sleeping – intransitive)
6. Brown bears eat insects and fruits. (eat – transitive; object – insects and fruits)
7. Birds live in nests. (live – intransitive)
8. Panthers climb trees with their short and strong legs. (climb – transitive; object – trees)
9. She sat on the chair. (sat – intransitive)
10. They took the child to hospital. (took – transitive; object – the child)
11. Mother laid the table. (laid – transitive; object – the table)
12. I want a job. (want – transitive; object – a job)
ASSIGNMENT :-
1) Learn definition of action verb and its kinds.
2) Do Exs A - I of chapter 4 , Verbs:- "Transitive and Intransitive Verbs" pages 26 - 32 in your OBC Book.
R/15
02/8/2021
ENGLISH PROSE
CHAPTER- 4, "THE CAREW MURDER CASE"
AUTHOR -R.L. Stevenson
Robert Louis Stevenson (born Robert Lewis Balfour Stevenson; 13 November 1850 – 3 December 1894) was a Scottish novelist, essayist, poet and travel writer. He is best known for works such as Treasure Island, Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Kidnapped and A Child's Garden of Verses.
Robert Louis Stevenson
|
Portrait by Henry Walter Barnett, 1893 |
|
|
Born |
Robert Lewis Balfour Stevenson, 13
November 1850, Edinburgh, Scotland |
|
Died |
3 December 1894 (aged 44), Vailima,
Samoa |
|
Occupation |
Poet, Travel Writer |
SUMMARY "THE CAREW MURDER CASE"
A year later, a maid servant looking out her window before retiring to bed, witnesses a gruesome murder. She recalls seeing a kind looking elderly gentleman being clubbed to death by one she recognizes as Mr. Hyde. She faints and by the time she wakes and calls the police, the murderer is gone. Part of the cane with which he used to commit the hideous crime is left behind. On the victim is a sealed and stamped envelope with the name and address of Mr. Utterson. Next morning, as soon as Mr. Utterson gets notice of what happened, he goes to the police station and identifies the dead body as that of Sir Danvers Carew, his client. Upon learning the identity of the attacker, Mr. Utterson takes the police chief to Mr. Hyde's home. The police find the rooms in Hyde's home ransacked. Clothes strewn everywhere, half of the cane used to murder Danvers Carew is in one of the corners, and the remnants of a burned checkbook lie on one of the tables. The police soon discover that Mr. Hyde has disappeared. He cannot be found anywhere, and they are unable to find any trace of his past. Moreover, those who have seen him are unable to describe him in detail, but generally agree on his evil appearance.
This chapter reveals the extent of Hyde's evil. He brutally murders an innocent man, without provocation, and apparently without reason. Sir Danvers Carew is the second known victim of Hyde's violence. Enfield witnessed Hyde trampling a young girl, but he did not kill her, or even seriously injure her. Rather, his behavior seemed to simply disregard the humanity of the girl or her right to walk down the same street as him. In contrast, Sir Danvers Carew is viciously murdered, apparently without reason. It seems that Hyde kills Sir Danvers Carew simply to demonstrate his power and to release his evil. Thus, Hyde's evilness is gaining in strength, which forebodes further tragedy to come.
CHAPTER - 4
EXPLAINED:-
1) Introduction about the writer
2) Summary of the story
3) Reads and explains the chapter
4) Word meanings
5) How to answer the questions
STUDENTS MUST WATCH FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING :-
MAIN TEACHING :-
Oral and explanation online with some written work
1) summary of the story
2) Reads and explains the chapter
3) Word meanings
4) Explain how to answer the questions
For Memorizing
Q. 1. What does a servant girl witness from a window?
Ans - Hyde murdering Sir Danvers Carew
Q. 2. Who killed Sir Danvers Carew?
Ans - Mr. Hyde
Q. 3. What instrument was used to kill Sir Danvers Carew?
Ans - A cane
Q. 4. Who leads the police to Hyde’s home?
Ans - Utterson
Q. 5. What was Utterson's profession?
Ans - Lawyer
Q. 6. What happens to Hyde after the murder?
Ans - He disappears
Q. 7. When did the murder occur?
Ans - At 2 AM
Q. 8. Who was the policeman investigating the murder?
Ans - Inspector Newcomen
ASSIGNMENTS :-
1) Learn words to know of chapter 4 ' The Carew Murder Case '.
2) Do Ex 1 and 2 of chapter 4, pages 57-58 in your Exbook.
R/14
30/7/2021
CONTINUATION
CHAPTER 21, "SENTENCE KINDS : BASED ON STRUCTURE"
INTRODUCTION :-
EXPLAINED :-
1) Definition of sentence and its kinds
2) Definition of different kinds of sentences with examples
3) Explanation of Exercises
MUST WATCH FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING :-
MAIN TEACHING :-
1) Definition of sentence
2) Definition of different kinds of sentences with examples
For memorizing :-
1) What is a sentence?
Ans:- A sentence is a group of words giving a complete thought. A sentence must contain a subject and a verb .
2) Based on structure how many kinds of sentences are there ?
Ans:- Based on structure there are four types of sentences.
3) Name the kinds of sentences with an example of each.
Ans:- Four kinds of sentences are
1. Simple sentence
A simple sentence consists of one independent clause. (An independent clause contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought.)
- I like coffee.
2. Compound sentence
A compound sentence is two (or more) independent clauses joined by a conjunction or semicolon. Each of these clauses could form a sentence alone.
- I like coffee and Mary likes tea.
3. Complex sentence
A complex sentence consists of an independent clause plus a dependent clause. (A dependent clause starts with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun, and contains a subject and verb, but does not express a complete thought.)
- We missed our plane because we were late.
4. Compound Complex sentence
Compound-Complex Sentence Structure
A compound-complex sentence consists of at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
- John didn't come because he was ill so Mary was not happy.
5. TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES
Simple sentences into compound sentences
Simple sentences can be converted into a compound sentence by linking the simple sentences ( independent clauses) using the coordinating conjunction to connect the clauses.
- In spite of his poverty he is happy. (Simple Sentence)
- He is poor but he is happy. (Compound Sentence)
Simple sentences into complex sentences
Simple sentences can be converted into a compound sentence by using subordinating conjunctions to connect the clauses.
Simple: Alex could not go to school due to his mother’s illness.
Complex: Alex could not go to school because his mother was ill.
Complex: Alex could not go to school because his mother was ill.
ASSIGNMENTS :-
1) Learn kinds of sentences with an example of each.
2) Do Exs A - H of chapter 21 pages 118 - 124 in your Ex book.
R/13
23/7/2021, 26/7/2021, 28/7/2021
ENGLISH COMPOSITION
CHAPTER 21, SENTENCE KINDS : BASED ON STRUCTURE
INTRODUCTION :-
EXPLAINED :-
1) Definition of sentence
2) Kinds of sentences
3) Definition of different kinds of sentences with examples
MUST WATCH FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING :-
MAIN TEACHING :-
1) Definition of sentence
2) Kinds of sentences
3) Definition of different kinds of sentences with examples
For memorizing :-
1) What is a sentence?
Ans:- A sentence is a group of words giving a complete thought. A sentence must contain a subject and a verb .
2) Based on structure how many kinds of sentences are there ?
Ans:- Based on structure there are four types of sentences.
3) Name the kinds of sentences with an example of each.
Ans:- Four kinds of sentences are:-
1. Simple sentence
A simple sentence consists of one independent clause. (An independent clause contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought.)
- I like coffee.
2. Compound sentence
A compound sentence is two (or more) independent clauses joined by a conjunction or semicolon. Each of these clauses could form a sentence alone.
- I like coffee and Mary likes tea.
3. Complex sentence
A complex sentence consists of an independent clause plus a dependent clause. (A dependent clause starts with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun, and contains a subject and verb, but does not express a complete thought.)
- We missed our plane because we were late.
4. Compound Complex sentence
Compound-Complex Sentence Structure
A compound-complex sentence consists of at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
- John didn't come because he was ill so Mary was not happy.
5.TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES
Simple sentences into compound sentences
Simple sentences can be converted into a compound sentence by linking the simple sentences ( independent clauses) using the coordinating conjunction to connect the clauses.
- In spite of his poverty he is happy. (Simple Sentence)
- He is poor but he is happy. (Compound Sentence)
Simple sentences into complex sentences
Simple sentences can be converted into a compound sentence by using subordinating conjunctions to connect the clauses.
Simple: Alex could not go to school due to his mother’s illness.
Complex: Alex could not go to school because his mother was ill.
Complex: Alex could not go to school because his mother was ill.
ASSIGNMENTS :-
1) Learn kinds of sentences with an example of each.
2) Do Exs A - H of chapter 21 pages 118 - 124 in your Ex book.
R/12
14/7/2021, 16/7/2021, 19/7/2021
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
CHAPTER - 3, "ADJECTIVES"
INTRODUCTION
EXPLAINED:-
1. Definition of adjective
2. Kinds of adjectives and its kind
3. Definition of different kinds of adjectives with examples
MUST WATCH FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING
MAIN TEACHING :-
Oral and online explanation and some writing work.
1. Definition of adjective
2. Kinds of adjectives
3. Definition of different kinds of adjectives with examples
ASSIGNMENTS :-
1) Learn the definition of adjective and its kinds with examples.
2) Do Exs A - K of chapter -3 'Adjectives' pages 18 - 25 in OCB Exbook.
R/11
09/7/2021, 12/7/2021
ENGLISH POETRY
3) Do Ex. 1 of poem "Moon Wind" in your O.C.B. book.
POEM - 3, "MOON WIND"
INTRODUCTION
|
Born |
17 August, 1930, England |
|
Died |
28 October, 1998 (Aged 68, England) |
|
Cause of death |
(Heart Attack) |
|
Nationality |
English |
The poet Ted Hughes was born in Mytholmroyd, Yorkshire, in 1930. His father, William, was a joiner who had fought in the First World War; his mother, Edith was a tailor who loved walking, and bought Hughes a small second-hand library of poetry after he was praised by his English teacher.
The family bought a newsagents in Mexborough, South Yorkshire when Hughes was seven, and Hughes went to the local grammar school, where he read Henry Williamson's Tarka the Otter, and roamed to Manor Farm, on the nearby River Don at Old Denaby. He came to know it ‘better than any place on earth’, and his first animal poem, ‘The Thought Fox’, and first story, ‘The Rain Horse’, are both based on its memory.After two years of military service largely spent reading, he took up an open exhibition to study English at Cambridge in 1948, awarded on the strength of his poetry. On graduation, he worked in various jobs.Hughes wrote many books for children, notably The Iron Man (1968; also published as The Iron Giant; film 1999). Remains of Elmet (1979), in which he recalled the world of his childhood, is one of many publications he created in collaboration with photographers and artists. He served as Poet Laureate from 1984 until his death.
Summary of Poem "Moon Wind"
Moon Wind by Ted Hughes is full of poet's fantasy imagery. He imagines that if there were earth-like life on moon, everything would be blown by the strong wind blowing there. ...
•The poet imagines that the moon wind is so strong that it could rip apart anything held by roots, nails and screws.....
•In this poem, the poet tells us about the wind that blows on the moon. The author mentions many strange things that are happening on the moon. He says that there isn't any wind on the moon but then also things get blown away. And also there's no wind then also the candle shivers out. This way he tries to illustrate many things happening there and at last concludes by saying that nothing can resist the moon's dead still blast; It is dead as it is nor blowing nor moving, it is silent.
Explained :-
1) Introduction of the poet and the poem
2) Recitation of the poem 'Moon Wind'
3) Explanation of the poem
4) Word meanings
5) Explains how to answer the questions
Must watch for better understanding
Main teaching :-
Oral and online explanation
1) Introduction of the poet and the poem
2) Recitation of the poem
3) Explanation of the poem
4) Word meanings
5) Explains how to answer the questions
Assignments :-
1) Learn the poem "Moon Wind".
2) Learn words to know of poem Moon Wind.
R/10
5/7/2021, 7/7/2021
ENGLISH PROSE
CHAPTER 3, "THE STORY OF AN INVITATION"
INTRODUCTION
Author - L.M.Montgomery
L.M. Montgomery (Lucy Maud Montgomery) was born in Clifton (now New London), Prince Edward Island, on November 30, 1874, to Hugh John Montgomery and Clara Woolner Macneill. When Montgomery was 21 months old, her mother died of tuberculosis. Her father left her in the care of her mother's parents, Alexander and Lucy Woolner Macneill of Cavendish, and moved to western Canada. As an only child living with an elderly couple, Montgomery found companionship in her imagination, nature, books, and writing. When she was nine, she began writing poetry and keeping a journal. She also spent time with her Uncle John and Aunt Annie Campbell (her mother's sister), and their family in Park Corner. There she spent many happy days, playing with her cousins and visiting her paternal grandfather, Senator Donald Montgomery, who lived close to the Campbells. At the age of six, she began attending the one-room school near her grandparents' home in Cavendish. She completed her early education there, with the exception of one year (1890-1891) which she spent in Prince Albert with her father and his wife, Mary Anne McRae. While in Prince Albert, she achieved her first publication - a poem entitled "On Cape LeForce" published by a Prince Edward Island newspapers. The first novel was followed by a series of sequels with Anne as the central character. Montgomery went on to publish 20 novels as well as 530 short stories, 500 poems, and 30 essays. Most of the novels were set in Prince Edward Island, and locations within Canada's smallest province became a literary landmark and popular tourist site – namely Green Gables farm, the genesis of Prince Edward Island National Park. She was made an officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1935.Montgomery's work, diaries and letters have been read and studied by scholars and readers worldwide.[2]Each year, hundreds of thousands of people, directly or indirectly influenced by the way of life she depicted in her writing, come to Prince Edward Island to see the place she loved so much.
SUMMARY :-
The Story of an Invitation by I.M. Montgomery is the story about two girls, Bertha and Grace. Bertha was the popular girl of her class, lved by all the teachers, whereas Grace was shy, serious and had no family. Very quickly they caught each other's attention and became close friends.By the end of the year, Bertha and Grace had become very close and they were making plans about their vacation. Bertha went on a vacation with her Aunt Meg, who spoiled her and she had a lot of fun, while Grace went to work at Mr. Clark's bookstore.Bertha felt bad about Grace having a boring vacation and invited her over to spend the vacation with her and Aunt Meg. They had a lot of fun and Grace gained a new family.
The Story of an Invitation by I.M. Montgomery is the story about two girls, Bertha and Grace. Bertha was the popular girl of her class, lved by all the teachers, whereas Grace was shy, serious and had no family. Very quickly they caught each other's attention and became close friends.By the end of the year, Bertha and Grace had become very close and they were making plans about their vacation. Bertha went on a vacation with her Aunt Meg, who spoiled her and she had a lot of fun, while Grace went to work at Mr. Clark's bookstore.Bertha felt bad about Grace having a boring vacation and invited her over to spend the vacation with her and Aunt Meg. They had a lot of fun and Grace gained a new family.
EXPLAINED:-
1) Introduction about the writer
2) Summary of the story
3) Read and explain the chapter
4) Word meanings
5) How to answer the questions
Must watch for better understanding :-
MAIN TEACHING :-
Oral and explanation online with some written work
1) Summary of the story
2) Explain the story
3) Word meanings
4) Explain how to answer the questions
ASSIGNMENTS :-
1) Learn words to know of chapter 3 ' The story of an invitation'.
2) Do Ex 1 and 2 of chapter 3 page 45 in your Exbook.
R/9
02/07/2021
ENGLISH COMPOSITION
CHAPTER - 19, PHRASES
(REVISION)
INTRODUCTION
EXPLAINED :-
1) Definition of phrases
2) kinds of phrases with examples
3) Definition of finite and non- finite verb phrase
4) Difference between gerund and present participles
Must watch for better understanding :-
MAIN TEACHING :-
1) Definition of phrase
2) Kinds of phrases
3) Definition of verb phrase (finite and non finite verb phrase) with examples
4) Difference between gerund and present participles
ASSIGNMENT :-
1) Learn definitions of phrase and its kinds with examples.
2) Revise the Exs of Chapter 19 pages: 107 - 114.
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R/8
09/06/2021, 11/06/2021, 14/06/2021, 16/06/2021 and 18/06/2021
CHAPTER:- 2, "PRONOUNS"
INTRODUCTION
EXPLAINED:-
1. Definition of pronoun
2. Kinds of pronoun
3. Definition of different kinds of pronouns with examples
Must watch for better understanding:-
MAIN TEACHING :-
Oral and online explanation and some writing work.
1. Definition of pronoun
2. Kinds of pronoun
3. Definition of different kinds of Pronouns with examples
ASSIGNMENTS:-
1. Learn definition of pronoun and its kinds with examples.
2. Do Exs A - F of chapter 2 pages 12 - 17 in textbook.
R/7
DATE:- 04/06/2021, 07/06/2021
Chapter - 2, 'January Night'
Written by - Premchand
|
Born: 31 July 1880, Lamhi,
Varanasi |
|
Died: 8 October 1936, Varanasi |
|
Nickname: Nawab |
|
Full name: Dhanpat Rai |
Dhanpat Rai Shrivastava, better known by his pen name Munshi Premchand, was an Indian writer famous for his modern Hindustani literature. He is one of the most celebrated writers of the Indian subcontinent, and is regarded as one of the foremost Hindi writers of the early twentieth century.Premchand is one of the greatest figures of twentieth century Hindi literature. He wrote over three hundred short stories which contain a rich variety of descriptions of Indian life. many of his stories he deals with the cruelty and pride of the privileged classes, he shows great sympathy for the poor peasants.
Summary :-
This short story 'January Night' which has been translated by David Rubin, is from a collection of stories called 'The World of Premchand' , was originally called 'Poos Ki Raat'. In this story
Halku, the farmer, demands money from his wife Munni to pay it to the landlord. Munni tells him that he has to buy a blanket to pass the cold nights of January. So she advises him to tell the landlord that he would pay him the money after the harvest. Haiku tells her that if he did so the landlord would beat and insult him. So she gives him the money.
Halku goes to guard his harvest in the field at the January night. The cold is so biting that he fails to guard his field. The nilgais graze his harvest and devastate his field. Despite continuous barking of his dog Jabra, Halku prefers sleeping to protecting his harvest.Next morning he is rebuked and taunted by his wife Munni for being so careless in performing his duty.
********************************************
EXPLAINED:-
1) Introduction about the writer
2) Summary of the story
3) Read and explain the chapter
4) Words meaning
5) How to answer the questions
Must watch for better understanding :-
MAIN TEACHING :-
Oral and explanation online with some written work
1) summary of the story
2) explain the story
3) Words meaning
4) explain how to answer the questions
Assignment :-
1) Learn words to know of Chapter 2 "January Night" page 31.
2) Do Exs 1 and 2 of Chapter 2 "January Night" pages 31 - 32 in Exbook.
R/6
DATE:- 02/06/2021
ENGLISH POETRY
POEM - 2 , 'No'
Introduction :-
THOMAS HOODBorn | 23 May 1799 London,England |
Died | 3 May 1845 (aged 45)London,England |
Occupation | Poet, Author |
Nationality | British |
Period | 1820s–1840s |
Genre | Poetry, Fiction |
| Thomas Hood (23 May 1799 – 3 May 1845) was an English poet, author and humorist, best known for poems such as "The Bridge of Sighs" and "The Song of the Shirt". Hood wrote regularly for The London Magazine, Athenaeum, and Punch. He later published a magazine largely consisting of his own works. Hood, never robust, lapsed into invalidism by the age of 41 and died at the age of 45. Hood was the father of playwright and humorist Tom Hood (1835–1874). Thomas Hood's "November" (also entitled "No") is a lyric poem centering on the fog and gloom of a November day in London. He completed it in 1844. The copy on this page appeared in the third volume of The Works of Thomas Hood, published in London by Edward Moxon and Company. |
|---|
Summary of poem :- In this poem, 'No' (‘November’), the poet Thomas Hood describes the bleakness of a November. A heavy fog obscures everything: the sun, the moon, the steeples, the roadways, the parks, even the faces of people on the streets. Travel close down because of the fog. As a result, there are no mail deliveries and no ships arriving with news from foreign countries. Visitors stay away because the autumn has stripped the leaves from the trees, killed the flowers and fruits, and banished birds, bees, and butterflies. There is nothing left to cheer those venturing through the city.
1) Introduction of poet and the poem
2) Recitation of poem 'No'
3) Explanation of poem
Must watch for better understanding :-
Main teaching :-
Oral and online explanation
1) Introduction of poet and the poem
2) Recitation of poem
3) Explanation of poem
4) Word meanings
Assignments:-
1) Learn the poem 'No'.
2) Learn words to know of poem 'No'.
3) Do Exs 1 and 2 of Poem 2 "No" pages 23-24 in your Exbook.
R/5
21/05/2021, 24/05/2021, 25/05/2021, 27/05/2021, 28/05/2021, 31/05/2021
ENGLISH COMPOSITION
CHAPTER - 19, "PHRASES AND CLAUSES"
INTRODUCTION
EXPLAINED :-
1) Definition of phrases and clauses
2) Kinds of phrases and clauses
3) Definition of different kinds of phrases and clauses with examples
Must watch for better understanding :-
MAIN TEACHING :-
1) Definition of phrases and clauses
3) Definition of different kinds of phrases with examples
4) Definition of different kinds of clauses
ASSIGNMENT :-
1) Learn the definition of phrase and its kinds with examples.
2) Learn the definition of clause and its kinds with examples.
3) Do Exs A - k, pages 107 - 114 of chapter - 19 in OCB Exbook.
R/4
18 / 05 / 2021 - 20 / 05 / 2021
CHAPTER -1, " LIGHT IN THE NIGHT "
INTRODUCTION
"LIGHT IN THE NIGHT" is a very interesting story which highlights the history of street lights in London by the author Claire Horsburgh.
It is a symbolic story written for comparing the lights in our life when the situation is not in our favour.Before the installation of streetlamps, people living in London would socialize under the moonlight or there would be darkness when there was no moon in the sky. Many people got jobs related to connecting these street lamps on the side of road which are powered by electricity.
Street lamps and the lamplighters
EXPLAINED:-
1) Introduction about the writer
2) Summary of the story
3) Reads and explains the chapter " Light in the Night "
4) Word meanings
5) Explains how to answer the questions
STUDENTS MUST WATCH FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING :-
MAIN TEACHING :-
Oral and explanation online with some written work
1) Introduction about the writer
2) Summary of the story
3) Reads and explains the chapter " Light in the Night "
4) Word meanings
5) Explains how to answer the questions
ASSIGNMENT:-
1) Learn words to know of Chapter 1, page 18.
R/3
12 / 05 / 2021, 13 / 05 / 2021, 17 / 05 / 2021
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
CHAPTER :- 1, "NOUNS"
INTRODUCTION
EXPLAINED:-1. Definition of noun
2. Kinds of noun
3. Definition of different kinds of nouns with examples.
Must watch for better understanding:-
Main teaching:-
Oral, online explanation, and some writing work
1. Definition of noun
2. Kinds of noun
3. Definition of different kinds of noun with examples.
1) Learn the definition of a noun and its kinds with examples.
2) Do Exs A - F of Chapter 1 pages 7 - 11 in your Exbook.
R/2
10 / 05 / 2021 - 11 / 05 / 2021
ENGLISH POETRY
POEM - 1, "ADVENTURES OF ISABEL"
INTRODUCTION
Ogden Nash (August 19, 1902 – May 19, 1971) was an American poet well known for his light verse, of which he wrote over 500 pieces. With his unconventional rhyming schemes, he was declared the country's best-known producer of humorous poetry.
Ogden Nash
| Born | August 19, 1902 |
|---|---|
| Died | May 19, 1971 (aged 68) |
| Resting place | East Side Cemetery |
| Education | Harvard University |
SUMMARY:-
The poem "Adventures of Isabel" is written by Ogden Nash, the famous humorous poetry writer. In this poem the poet describes the adventures or brave nature of the little girl Isabel. She came across many obstacles in this poem but with her attitude and her childish, innocent character she faces all the problems and succeeds in it.
At first , Isabel was terrified by a bear, but she never cried or screamed. Instead of that, she ate the bear with a very cool attitude. Secondly, in the dark she saw the face of a witch with gummy teeth, and this time also she never got terrified, instead she turned the witch into milk and drank it. Thirdly, she met a giant with one eye on his forehead. Isabel being cool cut the head of the giant. Finally, she meets a doctor who failed so many times with his treatments and Isabel handled the doctor with her cool attitude. So in through this poem it is said that there will be many obstacles and hurdles in our lives journey and all these can be handled with our cool attitude.
Explained :-
1) Introduction of poet and the poem
2) Recitation of poem " Adventures of Isabel "
3) Explanation of poem
4) Words meaning
Must watch for better understanding :-
Main teaching :-
1) Introduction of poet and the poem
2) Recitation of poem " Adventures of Isabel "
3) Explanation of poem
4) Words meaning
Assignment :-
1) Learn 12 lines of the poem " Adventures of Isabel " page 11 .
2) Learn words to know of poem 1, page 12.
3) Do Ex 1 of poem "Adventures of Isabel" pages 12-13 in your Exbook.
R/1
03 / 05 / 2021 - 03 / 05 / 2021
ENGLISH COMPOSITION
CHAPTER- 18, "Sentence and its kinds based on meaning"
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Explained:-
1. Definition of sentences.
2. Kinds of sentences.
3. Definition of different kinds of sentences with examples.
2. Kinds of sentences.
3. Definition of different kinds of sentences with examples.
Main Teaching:-
Oral, online explanation,and some writing work.
1. Definition of sentence
2. Kinds of sentence
3. Definition of different kinds of sentences with examples
Assignment:-
1. Learn the definition of a sentence and its kinds with examples.
2. Do Exs A - G of Chapter 18 pages 102 - 105.
