7 ENGLISH NOTES 2021-2022

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ENGLISH PROSE

Chapter - 8 The Lumber-Room

1) Answer the following questions.

a) Why did the aunt decide to send the children to Jagborough? Why was Nicholas not included in the party?

Ans- The aunt decided to send the children to Jagborough to punish Nicholas. Nicholas was not included in the party because he had put a frog in his breakfast bread and milk.

b) What was the aunt in the habit of doing when any one of the children fell from grace?

Ans- When any one of the children fell from grace, the aunt was in the habit of organizing a treat for the other children.

c) What did the aunt do when all the children had done something wrong?

Ans- When all the children had done something wrong, the aunt would tell them of a wonderful circus in the area, to which, of course, she would not be taking them as they had misbehaved.

d) How did Nicholas get the better of his aunt when the other children set off on the expedition?

Ans- Nicholas got the better of his aunt when the other children set off on their expedition by not showing any disappointment. He was cheerful, on the contrary, his girl cousin was crying and his brother's boots were too tight.

e) What did the aunt think to herself when she saw the look of obstinacy on Nicholas' face (after she had said he must not enter the gooseberry garden)?

Ans- The aunt thought to herself that Nicholas was determined to get into the gooseberry garden because she had asked him not to. She expected him to enter the garden.

f) Why did Nicholas make many trips into the front garden? Why did the aunt spend so much time in the garden, although she had other work to do?

Ans- Nicholas made many trips into the front garden to make his aunt believe that he wanted to get into the gooseberry garden. The aunt spent so much time in the garden because she did not want Nicholas to get past her and into the garden.

g) How did Nicholas spend his time in the lumber room?

Ans- Nicholas spent his time in the lumber room gazing at all the lumber and weaving stories around the tapestry.

h) Did Nicholas really think his aunt was the Evil One?

Ans- No, Nicholas knew that his aunt was not really the Evil One.

2) Answer the following with reference to context.

a. The dramatic part of the incident was that there really was a frog in Nicholas' basin of bread and milk.

i) When did the incident take place?

Ans- The incident took place in the morning at the breakfast table.

ii) What were the other parts to the incident?

Ans- Nicholas had refused to eat his bread and milk on the seemingly frivolous ground that there was a frog in it. His aunt had told him that he was not to talk nonsense, he continued to describe the colour and markings of the alleged frog.

iii) What was the result of the incident?

Ans- The result of the incident was that Nicholas's sin was discussed at great length, then his cousins and his brother were taken to Jagborough sands, while he was made to stay at home.

iv) Did everyone believe that Nicholas was telling the truth?

Ans- Only Nicholas knew that he was telling the truth because he had put the frog in the bowl himself.

b. 'He told you twice, but you weren't listening.'

i) Who is speaking and to whom?

Ans- Nicholas is speaking to his aunt.

ii) What according to the speaker, had been told twice?

Ans- The aunt had been told that Bobby's boots were hurting him because they were too tight.

iii) What did the listener do immediately after hearing this statement? Why?

Ans- She changed the subject because she could not admit that she had been wrong. She had not listened to Bobby and she was now not prepared to listen to Nicholas who told her that she often did not listen to important things told by the children.

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ENGLISH POETRY

Poem - 6 "London's Summer Morning"

1) Answer the following questions.

a)The poet names over ten jobs. List at least five and explain what work each job involves? 

Ans - Chimney-sweeper:- cleans the chimney passage that is covered by soot and dust from the fire.

Dustman:- a man employed to remove household refuse from dustbins.

Knife-grinder:- a person who sharpens knives and other cutting tools.

Tin-man:- makes items out of tin metal such as trunks.

Vegetable-vendor:- vegetables seller

b) Find three words in the first two sentences which indicate that it is hot.

Ans - Three words that indicate that it is hot are sultry, summer and hot.

c) The poet has used the same word to start half the sentences in the poem. What is the word? What impact does it have? How many times has the poet used the word?

Ans - The word is 'of'. It has been used five times. The impact it gives is one of cleverly attaching the sound and sight of London in such a way that you can see it is a bust time and a busy road.

d) How old was the poet when she died?

Ans - The poet was 42 when she died.

e) Look at lines 27-32. Who works up the ladder? What is he doing? Who is yelling?

Ans - The lamplighter works up the ladder. He is climbing the ladder to trip the half-lit  lamps. The pot boy is yelling.

f) According to the last two lines of the poem what does the 'poor poet' do?

Ans - The poor poet wakes from a night she spent dreaming, to 'paint'  with words the summer morning.

2. Answer the following with reference to context.

a) Now pastry dainties catch the eye minute 

Of humming insects while the limy snare Waits to enthral them.

i) Find three words that are linked to the idea of being captured or trapped.

Ans - Three words linked to the idea of being captured or trapped are: catch, snare, enthral.

ii) Who are the 'pastry dainties' for?

Ans - The pastry dainties are for the buying customers.

iii) What happens to the humming insects?

Ans - The humming insects get caught in the limy snare, a kind of sticky paper.

b) ….. the old clothes-man cries

In tone monotonous, while sidelong views

The area for his traffic: now the bag

Is slyly opened, and the half-worn suit

( Sometimes the pilfered treasure of the base Domestic spoiler), for one half its worth , 

Sinks in the green abyss.

i) Who is shouting and what is he shouting about?

Ans - The old clothes-man is shouting for prospective customers to come and buy his products.

ii) The following words and phrases create an impression of the man: 'sidelong views', 'slyly', and 'pilfered treasure'? What impression do you get of his character? 

Ans - The impression we get from the words 'sidelong views', 'slyly', and 'pilfered treasure' is of the man being dishonest and shrewd.

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ENGLISH PROSE

Chapter - 7 "The Story of Keesh"

1) Answer the following questions.

a) How is the story of keesh remembered from one generation to the next?

Ans - The story of Keesh was handed down from one generation to the next by the old men, who remembered his name and the tale, which they had got from the the old men before them, and which the old men to come will tell their children and their children's children.

b) What does the author mean (paragraph 2) by 'he had seen thirteen suns'? Why only thirteen?

Ans - As the sun leaves the land in darkness each winter and returns the next year, the people calculate each year as a new sun. He has used the word ' thirteen' because Keesh was then thirteen years old.

c) Who was Bok, and how did he die?

Ans - Bok was Keesh's father. At the time of famine, he tried to save his people from a great polar bear, but was eventually killed by the bear.

d) What complaint did Keesh make at the council? 

Ans - Keesh complained at the council that he and his mother were deprived of a fair share of meat. 

e) How did the men react to Keesh's statements in the council meeting?

Ans - The men reacted harshly to Keesh's statements in the council meeting. They were aghast that a small boy had spoken in the council and threatened that he and his mother would get no meat.

f) What did Keesh resolve to do? Why?

Ans -  Keesh resolved to go hunting and give a fair share to children and old women of his tribe. He did so because his father was a great hunter who used to divide the meat in a justified manner.

g) What had Keesh been doing to make him sleep for twenty hours?

Ans - Keesh was tired after hunting for a whole day. He had also eaten fresh meat profoundly to make him sleep for twenty hours.

h) Who was sent to follow Keesh and why?

Ans - Bim and Bawn, two men and the craftiest of hunters were sent to follow Keesh. They were sent to find out the mystery of Keesh's successful hunting.

i) In what way did Ugh-Gluk tax Keesh?

Ans - Ugh-Gluk taxed Keesh with witchcraft and that he hunted with evil spirits.

j) What was Keesh's 'headcraft'?

Ans - Keesh's headcraft was to use his brain. He chose a strip of whalebone with sharp ends and placed it inside a blubber to freeze it into a little round ball. As the bear swallowed it the blubber melted and the whalebone stood out causing pain. Then the bear was killed with the spear.

2. Choose the best answer.

a)'.......and the air is filled with flying white …….' This refers to

i) the clouds in the sky

ii) snow in the wind

iii) birds

Ans - ii) snow in the wind

b) Keesh decided to go hunting in order to

i) show his bravery

ii) prove the elders wrong

iii) feed himself and his mother and ensure all got meat

Ans - iii) feed himself and his mother and ensure all got meat

c) The means by which Keesh killed animals was by

i) witchcraft

ii) blubber

iii) headcraft

Ans - iii) headcraft

d) Keesh sent a reply to the council to say his igloo was large and comfortable in order to

i) make them come to him (and thereby show his power).

ii) show that his igloo was well built and spacious.

iii) let them know he was too tired to attend the meeting elsewhere.

Ans - iii) let them know he was too tired to attend the meeting elsewhere.

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ENGLISH POETRY

Chapter - 6 "The Machine Stops"

1. Answer the following questions.

a) Who are Vashti and Kuno?

Ans - Vashti is Kuno's mother and both live in the post-apocalyptic world.

b) Why can Vashti only talk to Kuno for five minutes?

Ans - Vashti can speak to Kuno for only five minutes because she has to prepare for her lesson on 'Music during the Australian period'.

c) How does Vashti move around her room?

Ans - Vashti moves around the room on her chair, which is operated by the machine.

d) Why doesn't Vashti want to travel in the airship?

Ans - Vashti does not want to travel in the airship because she dislikes them- she does not like to see the brown earth, the sea and the stars when it is dark.

e) What does Kuno say that shocks Vashti?

Ans - Kuno shocks Vashti when he says he wants to look at the stars from the surface of the earth, as his ancestors did, thousands of years ago.

f) What details do we learn about the rooms that people live in in the underground world?

Ans - The rooms of the people who live in the underground world are interesting places. They don't have any lights or windows, and yet they are softly lit. There are no openings for ventilation and yet, the air is cool. Anything can be summoned into the room with the help of the machine - music, food, bed, bath and so on.

2. Answer the following with reference to context.

a) And in the armchair there sits a swaddled lump of flesh - a women about five feet high with the face as white as a fungus.

i) Who is the woman?

Ans - The woman is Vashti.

ii) What does the description ' swaddled lump of flesh' show about her?

Ans - The description of 'swaddled lump of flesh' indicates the lack of any physical activity, which gives her unhealthy fleshy look without little or any muscles, which give definition to the body.

iii) What does the comparison 'face as white as a fungus' show about her?

Ans - The comparison "face as white as a fungus" indicates her unhealthy pallor, which is the result of not getting out in the sun.

b) Vashti's next move was to turn off the isolation switch, and all the accumulations of the last three minutes burst upon her. The room was filled with the noise of bells, and speaking-tubes. When does this happen?

Ans - This happens when Kuno isolates himself since he is upset his mother is  not more understanding about his expedition to the earth's surface.

d) 'I dislike seeing the horrible brown earth, and the sea, and the stars when it is dark. I get no ideas in an airship.'

i) Who is speaking? To whom?

Ans - Vashti is speaking to Kuno. 

ii) What has happened to the earth?

Ans - The earth is not livable anymore, the surface of the earth was only dust and mud. There was no life on it and the cold outer air could kill someone.

iii) How long is the airship journey between Vashti's underground room and Kuno's underground room?

Ans - In the underground world, it would take two days of journey on an airship between Kuno and Vashti's room.

iv) Where does Vashti get ' ideas' from?

Ans - Vashti gets her ideas in the room she lives in.

e) The clumsy system of public gatherings had been long since abandoned neither Vashti nor her audience stirred from their rooms.

i) What is meant by the following phrases.

  . system of public gatherings

  . stirred from their rooms

Ans - system of public gatherings:- The system of people meeting up physically, 

stirred from their rooms:- moved from their rooms.

ii) Write the sentence out in your own words. keep the meaning intact.

Ans - The older way of having people meet at public gatherings didn't happen anymore. Now, neither Vashti nor her audience even moved out to the person.

f) His image in the blue plate faded. 'Kuno!'

   He had isolated himself.

i) What makes Kuno isolate himself?

Ans - The Machine helps Kuno isolate himself.

ii) What does 'isolated himself' mean in the story?

Ans - 'Isolated himself' means no one can speak or reach out to the person.

iii) How does Vashti feel after this? 

Ans - Vashti feels really bad after this, and she feels lonely.

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ENGLISH PROSE

Chapter - 5 'The Sri Krishna Eating House'

1) Answer the following questions.

a) In what ways was the Sri Krishna Eating House different from the restaurants in Thul? 

Ans - The restaurant in Thul were  usually wooden shacks built in the shade of trees. There would be a few flowers in a vase, attractively arranged shelves and a picture of god or goddess on the wall. In contrast to this the Sri Krishna Eating House was dirty, cobwebs covered the ceiling and the tables and floors were black with the dirt.

b) What kind of people come to eat at the Sri Krishna Eating House? Why did they come to this particular restaurant?

Ans - Beggars and Coolies came to eat at the Sri Krishna eating house, because it was cheap and food could be obtained at any hour of the day.

c) Why was the restaurant in such a dilapidated condition?

Ans- The restaurant was in a dilapidated condition because it was open for so long that the owner had no time to clean it. Also, the food was so cheap that the owner was left with no money to improve his property.

d) Why did the two boys in the kitchen not speak to Hari?

Ans - The two boys in the kitchen did not speak to Hari because they did not understand Hindi and Hari did not know any Tamil. Also the boys worked so hard that they hardly had any time to talk.

e) Why did Hari like talking to the old man in the watch shop? 

Ans - Hari liked talking to the old man in the watch shop because he was friendly and had time to talk to him.

f) What does the phrase 'stared open-mouthed' suggest ?

Ans- The phrase, stared open-mouthed suggests that Hari was amazed at all the clocks in the old man's shop.

g) Why was the owner of the watch shop 'more likely' to have a pen?

Ans - The owner of the watch shop was 'more likely' to have a pen because he was able to read and write.

3) Answer the following with reference to context.

a) The Sri Krishna Eating House was the meanest and shabbiest restaurant Hari had ever seen.

i) In what way was the restaurant 'the meanest' ? What does this mean?

Ans - The Sri Krishna Eating House was the meanest as it had no pictures on the walls, the ceiling was thick with cobwebs, the floor and the wooden tables were all black with dirt. Hence it was the cheapest and shabbiest restaurant in Bombay.

ii) Why was Hari there?

Ans - Hari was there to get job.

b) Then he said, 'Yes' I can do with another boy in the kitchen.

i) Who is speaking?

Ans - The owner of the restaurant is speaking.

ii) What did he do just before giving this answer?

Ans - Before giving this answer, he considered for a moment and then frowned.

iii) What was the question asked of him and by whom?

Ans - Hari had asked him whether he would be allowed to work in his kitchen.

iv) What did the speaker go on to say about the job?

Ans - The speaker asked him to start by washing the pots. Then he  instructed him to knead the dough and help roll out the chapatis. He was also given an option of staying there, work for his meals and earn one rupee a day, like the other boys.

c) 'So, a new boy at the Sri Krishna Eating House', called the old gentleman.'

i) Who was the old gentleman?

Ans - The old gentleman was the owner of the shop Ding Dong watchworks.

ii) To whom was the comment made?

Ans - The comment was made to Hari.

iii) What did the speaker do immediately after making this comment?

Ans - He went back to the examination of a tiny watch after making this comment.

d) 'Suddenly remembered you had someone to write to, did you?'

i) Who is speaking and to whom are the words addressed?

Ans - The old watchmaker is speaking to Hari.

ii) What made the speaker ask the question?

Ans - Hari's question ' Where the post office is ?' made the speaker ask the question. 

iii) What is the letter the speaker refers to?

Ans - The letter the speaker refers to is the postcard that Hari wanted to buy.

iv) How did the speaker help?

Ans - The speaker gave a pen to write the letter.

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ENGLISH POETRY

Poem - 5, The Listeners

1) Answer the following questions.

a) When and where does the action of the poem take place?

Ans - The action of the poem takes place on a moonlit night in front of an abandoned house.

b) Which words and phrases tell us that the plants around the house have overgrown?

Ans - Phrases such as 'champed the grasses' and 'forest's ferny floor' tell us that the plants around the house have overgrown.

c) Which word from near the start of the poem suggests that this house is quite big and grand?

Ans - The presence of 'turret' indicates that the house is big and grand.

d) What is 'stirred and shaken' by the Traveller's shouts? 

Ans - The air is 'shaken and stirred' by the Traveller's shouts.

e) Which lines tell us that the traveller had made a promise that he would come to the house?

Ans - 'Tell them I came, and no one answered, that I kept my word,' tell us that the Traveller had made a promise that he would come to the house.

f) Which word is repeated at the beginning and ending of the poem and what impact does it have?

Ans - Silence is the word that is used in the beginning and at the end of the poem.It signifies the utter noiselessness of the place where the traveller is.

g) Which words are used to describe the following?

i) the door

ii) the forest floor

iii) the sill

iv) the Traveller's eyes

v) the house

vi) the sky

vii) the turf

viii) the hoof

Ans - i) moonlit

ii) ferny

iii) leaf-fringed

iv) grey

v) lone

vi) starred and leafy

vii) dark

viii) plunging

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ENGLISH POETRY

Poem - 4, The Naming of Cats

1. Answer the following questions.
a) Why does the poet say that the reader may think he is crazy?
Ans - The poet says that the reader may think he is crazy because he believes that a cat must have three different names.
b) What is the first type of name that a cat should have?
Ans - The first type of name a cat should have is a name that the family uses daily.
c) What is the second type of name that a cat should have?
Ans - The second type of name that a cat should have is a fancy name that sounds sweet.
d) How many female names (of the first type) does the poet suggest?
Ans - No female names (of the first type) have been suggested by the poet.
e) Which fancier names does the poet suggest?
Ans - the poet suggests fancier names like Plato, Admetus, Electra and Demeter.
f) In what way will a cat be able to behave if he is given a name that is particular?
Ans - A cat will be able to keep up his tail perpendicular, spread out his whiskers, or cherish his pride if he is given a name that is particular.
g) What is the third type of name that a cat must have? How is it different from the other two types?
Ans - The third type of name that a cat must have is the one that no one can guess or discover. It is different from the other two types as it is known only to the cat who will never confess.
h) When a cat is in "profound meditation" what is it thinking about? 
Ans - When a cat is in 'profound meditation' it is thinking about its singular name. 

2. Answer the following with reference to context.

a) All of them sensible everyday name.

i) What are some of these names? 

Ans - Peter, Augustus, Victor, George etc. are some of these names. 

ii) When are these names used?

Ans - These names are used daily  by the family. 

iii) Are there any other names by which a cat might be called? How are they different from these names? 

Ans - Yes, there are other names by which a cat might be called. They are fancy names. They are different from the above mentioned names because they sound sweeter. 

b) But above and beyond there's still one name left over……. 

i) Above and beyond what? 

Ans - Above and beyond of the other names discussed. 

ii) What is the name left over?

Ans - The name that is left over is the name that no one can guess or discover. 

iii) How does a cat show it is thinking about this name? 

Ans - A cat will be in profound meditation to show that he is thinking about this name.

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ENGLISH PROSE

Chapter - 4, The Carew Murder Case

1. Answer the following questions.

a) What phrase does the author use at the start of the text to show the reader that time has passed?

Ans - To show the reader that time has passed the author uses the phrase 'Nearly a year later'.

b) Who was the witness to the crime and what was the witness doing when it was committed?

Ans - The witness to the crime was a maid servant, who sat upon her box, under the window and was looking outside. 

c) Who were the two men involved in the crime and how did the witness feel about each of them? 

Ans - One man was an aged and beautiful gentleman with white hair, who is later identified as Sir Danvers Carew. The witness identified the other man as Mr Hyde, who had once visited her master and for whom she had developed a dislike.

d) Which type of animal is the angry murderer compared to?

Ans - The murderer is compared to an ape.

e) What is Mr Utterson's profession?

Ans - Mr. Uttarson is a lawyer.

f) What was Mr. Uttarson's reaction to hearing about the crime and seeing the weapon?

Ans- On hearing about the crime and seeing the weapon he felt he knew who the murderer was. The half broken stick was the same he himself had gifted to Dr. Jekyll some years ago.

g) What do we learn about the old woman who works for Mr. Hyde?

Ans - The old woman who works for Mr. Hyde was old, ivory faced and white haired. She had an evil face, but she hid it with hypocrisy. Her manners were excellent. 

h) Why will it be difficult for the inspector and Mr. Uttarson to find Mr. Hyde? 

Ans - It might be difficult for the Inspector and Mr. Uttarson to find Mr.Hyde because few people knew him. Very few people had seen him, his family could not be traced, he had never been photographed and those who had never seen him give different versions of how he looked. 

i) Which word meaning 'searched vigorously' is used to describe the state of Mr. Hyde's rooms?

Ans - 'Ransacked' is the word used to describe the state of Mr. Hyde's rooms.

2) Answer the following with reference to context.

a) And then, all of a sudden she broke out in a great flame of anger….

i) Who is angry?

Ans - Mr. Hyde is angry.

ii)  Who is he angry with?

Ans - He is angry with Sir Danvers Carew.

iii) Does he have any reason to be angry?

Ans - He has no reason to be angry.

iv) How does the maid describe his behaviour? 

Ans -The maid describes his behaviour as evil, cruel and irrational.

b) 'This will make a deal of noise'.

i) Who is the speaker?

Ans - Inspector Newcomen of Scotland Yard is the speaker.

ii) Who is being spoken to?

Ans - Inspector Newcomen is speaking to Mr. Uttarson.

iii) What does he mean and why will it 'make a deal of noise'?

Ans - He means the murder will become the talk of the town. That is because the victim Sir Danvers Carew was a well known man.

c) 'Ah!' She said, 'he is in trouble! What has he done?'

i) What did the woman wish to express by the use of 'Ah!'?

Ans - When the woman said 'Ah!' it conveyed a joy that she couldn't hide.

ii) Who is she talking about and what is her relationship to him? 

Ans - She is talking about Mr. Hyde, whose house she takes care of.

iii) How does the inspector react to the woman?

Ans - The Inspector picks it up as a hint that Mr.Hyde is not someone who is not very popular.

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ENGLISH POETRY

Poem - 3, "Moon Wind"

1. Answer the following questions.

a) How do things get blown about on the moon if there is no wind? 

Ans - According to the poet, things on the moon get blown about because of the utter stillness prevalent there. Everything is weightless on the moon, and it is airless. However, the poem is sheer fantasy, so anything can happen. 

b) When the moon wind begins to blow, some strange things happen. Make a list of all the unlikely things that take place on the moon.

Ans - When the moon- wind blows, the following things happen on the moon.

i. A giant marquee booms and flounders past you.

ii. A squall of hens and cabbages knocks you off your feet.

iii. A tearing twisting sheet of pond clouts you with a frog.

iv. A camp of caravans suddenly squawks and takes off.

v. A ferris wheel bounds along the skyline like a somersaulting giraffe.

c) Which words does the poet use to describe the following or the movement they make?

i) candle ( flame )                          

ii) giant marquee

iii) hens and cabbages

iv) pond, caravans    

 v) Ferris wheel

Ans - i) candle ( flame ) :-  the candle shivers out. Normally we would say flicker, but shiver is just as good a word. Its use is odd in that shiver is not associated with heat but with cold, here if the candle shivers out we feel the cold even more.

ii) giant marquee :- booms and flounders like that swan at sea. We have sound ( booms) and movement here. The image of a swan floundering in the sea is apt.

iii) hens and cabbages :- a  squall ........... knocks you off your feet. These are flying

haphazardly ( squall ) and at some speed. An image akin to raining cats and dogs, one would know too well if one is hit by these flying objects.

iv) pond :- tearing twisting sheer .............clouts you with a frog. To the eye, a pond looks like a sheet of water. If this sheet were to suddenly fly towards you it would indeed be tearing and twisting and being clouted by a frog would certainly be a surprise.

caravans :- suddenly............ squawks and takes off. The caravans, presumably parked in a caravans park, are compared to a flock of birds sitting in a field, and then suddenly taking off.

v) Ferris wheel :- bounds along the skyline like a somersaulting giraffe. A ferris wheel is large and stands out against the skyline, so does a giraffe. A spinning giraffe with its long legs sticking out would indeed look like a ferris wheel with its hanging swings flying in all directions.

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ENGLISH PROSE

Chapter - 3, "The Story of an Invitation"

1. Answer the following questions.

a) In what aspects were the two girls different from each other?

Ans-  The two girls were very different from each other. Bertha was bright, pretty,  and popular, the favourite of her classmates and teachers; Grace was a grave, quiet girl, dressed in mourning.

b) Why was Grace dressed as she was?

Ans - Grace was dressed as she was because she was quite alone in the world. Moreover, her aunt who had brought her up had died recently.  

c) How did Bertha celebrate the good news she had received?   

Ans - Bertha celebrated the good news she had received by going into Carter's and investing all her spare cash in caramels.

d) What do we learn about the aunt from what Grace says about her?

Ans - We learn that aunt Meg is a dear, sweet, jolly lady in the world.

e) What do you think is meant by the statement 'Mary and Lou and Lil are girls after your own heart'?

Ans - The statement means that all those girls are just like Bertha herself, wanting to do what they like.

f) What made grace wistful?

Ans - The thought of having friends who love and plan for people made Grace wistful.

g) Did Bertha think it was a good idea for Grace to work at clarkman's all summer?

Ans - No, Bertha didn't think it was a good idea for Grace to work at clarkman's all summer. She felt that her friend was not strong enough to withstand the tiring work there.

h) From what Grace and Aunt Meg say in their letters, what clues are there to indicate that Grace really was having a good time staying with aunt Meg?

Ans - The clues that indicate that Grace was having a good time at aunt Meg's place, were

i. From Grace letter - I had a lovely time, I am to stay here always, etc.

ii. From Aunt Meg's letter -  She is the sweetest girl, she has grown plump and rosy etc.

2. Answer the following with reference to context.

a) 'I shall have to manage this affair very carefully.'

i) Who says these words and to whom?

Ans - Bertha says these words to herself.

ii) What was the 'affair' that had to be managed carefully?

Ans- The affair was that her friend shouldn't know that she had managed to get an invitation for her from aunt Meg.

iii) What did the speaker plan to do in order to 'manage this affair carefully'?

Ans - The speaker planned to tell her friend that circumstances had prevented her from accepting Aunt Meg's invitation. And Aunt Meg was happy to invite her friend in her place.

b) 'You are not strong, and you need a good rest'.

i) Who says these words and to whom? 

Ans - Bertha says these words to her friend, Grace.

ii) Why did the person being spoken to need a 'good rest'. 

Ans - Grace needed a good rest because she had become pale and weak.

iii) What had this person been planning to do during the holidays?

Ans - Grace had been planning to work at Clarkman's bookstore during the holidays.

c) 'Don't think me ungrateful'.

i) Who says these words and to whom?

Ans- Bertha says these words in her confidential letter to Aunt Meg.

ii) Why might the speaker appear to be ungrateful?

Ans - Bertha might appear to be ungrateful for asking her aunt to transfer her invitation to her friend.

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ENGLISH PROSE

Chapter 2 'January Night'

1. Answer the following questions.

a) Why did Munni want Halku to pay the landlord only after the harvest? 

Ans - Munni wanted Halku to pay the landlord only after the harvest so that they could buy a blanket with the money they had. 

b) What was the 'other plan' that Halku tried? Was it successful?

Ans - Halku's other plan was no plan at all. He had no way of getting any extra money.

c) Why did Munni want Halku to give up tenant farming? 

Ans - Munni wanted Halku to give up tenant farming because it meant working on someone else's land, doing all the work, and getting very little reward for it. 

d) What does Munni mean when she says, 'Fine work, farming someone else's land'? 

Ans - Munni is being sarcastic. She actually means it is not fine work farming someone else's land.

e) Why did Halku look as though ' he were tearing his heart out and giving it away'?

Ans - Halku looked as if he was tearing his heart out and giving it away because he had to give the landlord all the money he had saved pice by pice. This was the money he had hoped to spend on a blanket.

f) Is the first sentence  in section 2 a complete one? Why do you think it is  written like this?

Ans - The first sentence in Section 2 is not a complete one. It is written like this to give us a general picture of the night. It is dark, it is January, so it is cold, and it is night. 

g) How do we know that Halku loves his dog a great deal? Give two examples of how he shows his love.

Ans - Two ways in which Halku displayed his love for his dog:

. He had told Jabra to stay in the house and enjoy the comfort of the warm straw.

. He hugged the dog tightly and didn't mind his smell.

h) Why did Jabra probably think he was in heaven? 

Ans - Jabra probably thought he was in heaven because his master held him on his lap and hugged him, the dog was warm and comfortable, and felt loved. 

i) Why did Halku look up at the skies? 

Ans - Halku looked up at the skies to see how far the stars had moved and how much of the night was left.

j) Why did Halku feel proud when he lit the fire? 

Ans - By lighting the fire Halku gained victory over the cold night, and he felt proud of this.

k) How did Halku know that there were some wild animals in his field? How did he react?

Ans - When Jabra barked, Halku knew that there were some wild animals in his field. He then heard the sound of munching. Halku did not want to get up to investigate so he began to convince himself that there were no animals in the field and there was no need to get up, instead he began to shout. Then he sat ppeacefully.

l) The whole field was ruined . What did Halku feel about it? What did Munni feel?

Ans - Halku was content but Munni was filled with grief.

2. Answer the following with reference to context.

a) 'Tell him we'll pay him after the harvest, not right now'.

i) Who is speaking, and to whom?

Ans - Munni is speaking to Halku.

ii) Who is the 'him' the speaker refers to? 

Ans - The landlord is referred to as 'him'. 

iii) What is the payment the speaker refers to?

Ans - The payment is the rent for the land.

b) 'This is the reward you get for farming'.

i) Who says this and to whom?

Ans - Halku says this to his dog, Jabra.

ii) When does the speaker make this statement? 

Ans - He makes this statement one dark January night when he and Jabra are guarding the crops in the field.

iii) What is the reward that the speaker mentions? 

Ans - The reward is to have to stay out in the cold and suffer from poverty. He says that while he, as the tenant farmer, has to do the hard work, somebody else enjoys its benefit.

c) In the flickering light the immense  trees of the grove looked as though they were carrying the vast darkness on their heads.

i) Where was the light coming from? 

Ans - The light was coming from the fire that Hlaku had lit in the mango grove.

ii) Where was the grove? 

Ans - The grove was near his field of crops.

iii) Who was in the grove at time and what were they doing?

Ans - Only Halku and Jabra were in the grove at that time. Halku had gathered leaves and he and Jabra were relaxing in the warmth of the bonfire lit by him.

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ENGLISH POETRY

POEM- 2, 'No'

1. Answer the following questions.

a) In what way is the title of the poem a good one ?

Ans - The title of the poem is reflected in every line, hence it is a good title. Even the last line of the poem is summarised by yet another 'no' word, November.

b) Is there rhyme scheme to the poem? 

Ans - There are no regular rhyming pattern. Some of the lines are rhyming couplets, which are not constant. 

c) Which words in the poem tell us about the following? 

i) times of day

ii) roads

iii) motion or interaction

iv) weather conditions or geographical features

v) living creatures and plants

Ans - i. times of day - morn, noon, dawn, dusk, proper, time, afternoon.

ii. roads - road, street, 't' other side the way, row crescents, way, rings.

iii. motion or interaction - indications,  recognitions, courtesies, showing,  knowing, travelling, locomotion, inkling,    notion, go, mail, post, news, warmth,  cheerfulness, healthful ease, comfortable feel.

iv.weather conditions or geographical features - sun, moon, sky, earthly view, land, ocean, coast, park, warmth, shade, shine.

v. living creatures and plants - people, company, nobility, member,butterflies, bees, fruits, flowers, leaves, birds.

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ENGLISH PROSE

Chapter - 1 "Light in the Night"

1. Answer the following questions.

a) Before street lamps were introduced, what did people do on cloudless , moonlit nights? Why did they need to wait for these weather conditions? 

Ans:- Before lamps were introduced, people took advantage of the moonlight on cloudless nights and went out to socialise. They needed to wait for these weather conditions because otherwise the streets of London would be dark at night.

b) Before street lamps were introduced, what were the dangers that people faced if they went out at night? 

Ans :- It was dangerous to move out at night. People could trip, fall and injure themselves. If they fell in the river, they could even drown. There was also a danger  of bring attached and robbed by criminals who would be out on the streets at night. 

c) Who were link boys and what did they do ?

Ans :- The link boys were young boys and men who would, for money, hold a burning torch or lamp ahead of the people so that they could see their way through the dark streets.

d) What did the work of a lamplighter involve ?

Ans :- The work of a lamplighter was a demanding one. They would have to light each lamp in their assigned area in the evening, and put it out in the morning. Apart from that they would also change oil, trim the wicks, and kept the lamps clean.  The royal crest on the lamp posts was also looked after by the lamplighters.

e) Roughly how many gas lamps are there in London today ? 

Ans :- In London today, there are roughly 1,500 gas lamps.

f) How many people are employed to light the lamps today ? 

Ans :- Five people are employed to light these lamps today.

g) What were some of the unpleasant aspects of the early oil lamps ?

Ans :- Earlier oil lamps were not very pleasant. The oil was smelly, dripped, and needed a lot of care  - changing the oil, wicks, and so on. 

h) What was dangerous about the gas lamps that were introduced in the 1800s? 

Ans :-  The gas lamps that were introduced in the 1800s were easier to manage than the oil lamps, but once in a while they would blow up.

 

i) What powers modern street lamps ?  

Ans :- The modern street lamps are powered by electricity.

2) Read the following sentences and state whether the following sentences are true or false.

a) London had street lamps before Paris.

Ans :-  False

b) London grew rapidly in the 1700s.

Ans :- True

c) Lamplighters work all day.

 Ans :- True

d) The oil lamps used to give off a pleasant smell.

Ans :- False

e) Lamplighters used ladders to climb up the light the oil lamps.

Ans :- True

f) Charles Deckens was a lamplighter.

Ans :- False

3) Answer  the following with reference to context.

a) The authorities realized the benefits they brought and took over the installation and maintenance of them.

i) What is meant by the authorities?

Ans :- 'The authorities' refers to the local governing bodies or governments.

ii) What were the benefits of having street lamps?

Ans :- The benefits of streetlights meant people could go out at night and socialise. People could be entertained at night as well, and business could be conducted, too.

b) There's no more going the rounds to trim by daylight, no more dribbling down of the oil on the hats and bonnets of ladies and gentlemen when one feels in spirits. Any low fellow can light a gas lamp.

i) Who said this? 

Ans :- A character in Charles Dickens' story 'The Lamplighters' said these lines.

ii) The three sections that are underlined are examples of old fashioned language. Discuss what each one means and write down your answers.

Ans :- 'Going the round' means going about doing one's job.

'When one feels in low spirit's means when someone is feeling a little sad and low.

'Any low fellow' means any ordinary person without special skills.

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ENGLISH POEM - 1

"ADVENTURES OF ISABEL"

Answer the following questions.

1) What did Isabel do before she ate the bear ?

Ans :- Isabel didn't worry, scream or scurry. She washed her hands and straightened her hair before she ate up the bear.

2) What did the witch look like?

Ans :- The old witch looked wicked. Her face was cross and wrinkled and her gums were sprinkled with teeth.

3) How did Isabel deal with the witch ?

Ans :- Isabel didn't show any rage or rancour. Instead she turned the witch into milk and drank her.

4) What did the giant want to do to Isabel?

Ans :-The giant wanted to grind Isabel's bones to make bread.

5) What was Isabel doing during her meeting with the giant?

Ans :- Isabel was chewing on her crispy bread call zwieback during her meeting with the giant.

6) What did the doctor want Isabel to do?

Ans :- The doctor wanted Isabel to swallow some pills so that she could be well.

7) How did Isabel deal with the doctor?

Ans :- Isabel took those very pills from the doctor and calmly cured him.